World History/Cultures Chapter 15- Reaction & Nationalism Section 3- Bismarck’s Realm

Otto Von Bismarck

 After German Unification- Bismarck’s Realm Bismarck & the Church Bismarck & the Church Catholics join together & form Center Party & express opposition Catholics join together & form Center Party & express opposition to Protestant Prussians. to Protestant Prussians. Bismarck engaged in a Kulturkampf or cultural struggle with the Catholic Church. Bismarck engaged in a Kulturkampf or cultural struggle with the Catholic Church.

 After German Unification- Bismarck’s Realm con’t Bismarck felt Catholicism was antinationalist and concerned about papal infallibility. Bismarck felt Catholicism was antinationalist and concerned about papal infallibility. Bismarck expels Jesuits in Germany passes the May Laws which deprived Catholic bishops of authority. Pope Pius IX breaks ties with Germany. Bismarck expels Jesuits in Germany passes the May Laws which deprived Catholic bishops of authority. Pope Pius IX breaks ties with Germany. Center Party becomes stronger and Bismarck realized he needed their support to defeat challenge from Socialists. Center Party becomes stronger and Bismarck realized he needed their support to defeat challenge from Socialists. Bismarck reconciles with Catholics. Most of the May Laws repealed and the Kulturkampf ends in Bismarck reconciles with Catholics. Most of the May Laws repealed and the Kulturkampf ends in 1881.

 Industrial Growth Prior to unification, Germany primarily agricultural. End of 1800s Germany became a major industrial power. Prior to unification, Germany primarily agricultural. End of 1800s Germany became a major industrial power. Factors for industrial growth: Factors for industrial growth: Zollverein- economic growth & transportation system improvements Zollverein- economic growth & transportation system improvements investment capital investment capital factory system factory system deep-pit coal mining- cheap fuel for factories deep-pit coal mining- cheap fuel for factories growth of cities growth of cities Benefits- highest standard of living for middle/upper classes. Benefits- highest standard of living for middle/upper classes. Drawbacks- lower wages, high unemployment, crowded tenements, long hours, dangerous working conditions. Drawbacks- lower wages, high unemployment, crowded tenements, long hours, dangerous working conditions.

 Workers & Socialism Poor working conditions prompt workers to look toward a democratic social order. Poor working conditions prompt workers to look toward a democratic social order. Ferdinand Lasalle established the Universal German Workingmen’s Association in A socialist, Lasalle wanted political action to change working conditions. Ferdinand Lasalle established the Universal German Workingmen’s Association in A socialist, Lasalle wanted political action to change working conditions. Lasalle consulted Bismarck on worker problems. Lasalle died in 1864 & didn’t finish what he started. Party he founded merged with the Social Democratic Party in Lasalle consulted Bismarck on worker problems. Lasalle died in 1864 & didn’t finish what he started. Party he founded merged with the Social Democratic Party in 1875.

 Bismarck & Socialists Bismarck believed Socialist Party would change government. Bismarck believed Socialist Party would change government. 1878, German legislature passed an anti- Socialist bill that banned socialist meetings and publications. 1878, German legislature passed an anti- Socialist bill that banned socialist meetings and publications. Socialists not stopped. Bismarck’s efforts directed toward workers Sickness Insurance Law passed Old Age Insurance Law passed. Socialists not stopped. Bismarck’s efforts directed toward workers Sickness Insurance Law passed Old Age Insurance Law passed. Socialists gain seats in legislature in 1890 & Socialists do not renew Bismarck’s anti- Socialist law. Socialists gain seats in legislature in 1890 & Socialists do not renew Bismarck’s anti- Socialist law.

 Fall of Bismarck William II becomes emperor after William I & Williams I’s son, Frederick III die. The new Kaiser supports militarism. William II becomes emperor after William I & Williams I’s son, Frederick III die. The new Kaiser supports militarism. William II believed in absolute authority of the emperor and came in conflict with Bismarck. William II believed in absolute authority of the emperor and came in conflict with Bismarck. Bismarck, to get his way, threatened resignation many times under William II offers to resign and William II accepts. Bismarck, to get his way, threatened resignation many times under William II offers to resign and William II accepts. Under Bismarck’s rule, Germany prevented from developing a parliamentary democracy. Under Bismarck’s rule, Germany prevented from developing a parliamentary democracy. Bismarck no longer in power, Germany became a major industrial and military power under William II. Bismarck no longer in power, Germany became a major industrial and military power under William II.

William II