Ch. 14 –Composition of Matter Lesson 1 – Building Blocks

List the 3 particles that make up atoms Protons Neutrons electrons

Model of an atom ed.org/EducationResources/High School/Electricity/atommodels.htm emistry/structure/structure.htm

Write the chemical symbols & the number of protons in an atom for each element SymbolProton # Nickel Copper Silver Gold

Looking at the Periodic Table which elements have the same properties in common with oxygen? Sulfur Selenium Tellurium polonium

Elements in today’s periodic table are arranged according to what? Atomic number

Ch. 14 –Composition of Matter Lesson 2 - Compounds

All Matter can be classified into ____?_ major groups. What are they? Pure substances mixtures

Give examples of Mixtures Chicken noodle soup Jello with fruit Kool-Aid Beef stew

Ionic bonds A. In ionic bonding, one atom either loses or gains electrons, therefore taking on a net charge. Atoms that lose or gain electrons are no longer called atoms but rather ions. Since electrons are negative, an atom which loses electrons become positively charged and an atom which gains electrons becomes negatively charged. Positive ions are called cations and negative ions are called anions. A good example of an ionic compund is salt whose chemical formula is NaCl. The Na+ and Cl- are held together by the attraction of their opposite electrical charges.

If the chemical formula for the common table salt is NaCl, what are the names of the elements that form this compound? Sodium chlorine

Ch. 14 –Composition of Matter Lesson 3- Mixtures

What could you do if you needed to quickly dissolve a lot of salt in a container of water? Increase the surface area of the solution Increase the temperature of the water Stir or shake the solution

Ch. 14 –Composition of Matter Lesson 4 – Acids & Bases

Give at least 2 examples of food that are acids Lemons/lemon juice Vinegar Soft drinks Tomatoes/tomato juice

To identify compounds as acid or bases, you should always use what? Litmus paper

List characteristics of bases Tastes bitter Feels slippery Turn red litmus paper blue Have low concentrations of hydrogen ions React easily with other substances

When people get stomach pains, it is sometimes because the stomach is overproducing stomach acid. Stomach acid has a pH of 1. Antacids are bases that people take to ease the discomfort caused by stomach acids. In terms, of pH, describe how an antacid might work. The antacid, which is a base, neutralizes the stomach acid. The antacid helps bring the pH of the stomach contents closer to pH 7, which is neutral.

Definitions you will need to know for the test Neutrons Elements Electrons Ion Solution Acid atom