Types of Research 1. Basic research: To answer questions about the nature of human behavior and to understand psychological processes. Goal is to increase knowledge. Is not dependent on whether or not knowledge is immediately applicable or to solve a particular problem.  Is memory better for words or nonwords?

2. Applied research: To address issues of practical problems and to find solutions to problems. Research is focused in everyday problems Research is designed to optimize development or solve a problem Multidisciplinary collaboration  Workplace research: Do people work better (more productive) with better lighting?  Special populations: Do children with autism read better when they have pictures in books?  Evaluation research: effect of a program (or intervention) on behavior. Does attending AADAC reduce drinking?

Goals of Applied Research Assessment – to identify developmentally important characteristics in an at-risk target population Intervention – to alter the environment in way that may prevent, correct, or reduce problems in development provide immediate benefit to those being studied provide long term benefit to some at-risk population

Goals of Applied Research Research on Socially Important Issues – to provide evidence relevant to the resolution of pragmatically important questions Contribution to Public Policy – To use knowledge gained from research to inform policy-making decisions Dissemination of Knowledge – reports, presentations

Lerner et al. (2000) Applied Developmental Science: Integrate research with actions, policies and programs to promote positive development and enhance lives of vulnerable children and families. Institutions adding value to community E.g., Community-University Partnership, University of Alberta

Lerner et al. (2000) Applied Developmental Science: Applied: direct implications on what children, families, practitioners and policy makers do. Developmental: changes in human development Science: using research to collect reliable and objective information in a systematic manner.

Lerner et al. (2000) Integrating science with the community knowledge, knowledge transfer Person-environment interactions among various settings Two Models of Research Efficacy research: what works under optimal, university-based, research conditions? Outreach research: research conducted in real- world settings

Lerner et al. (2000) Public policy must ensure families provide: Boundaries and expectations Physiological and safety needs Climate of love and caring Support of self-esteem Encouragement and support of growth Constructive use of time Positive values Positive links with community

Lerner et al. (2000) Policies > Programs > Resources: Healthy Start Safe Environment Education Opportunity to give back to community Freedom form prejudice and discrimination

Lerner et al. (2000) Outcomes of Children, 5 Cs: Competence Connection Character Confidence Caring