Module : Hospital Information Management Dr Kithsiri Edirisinghe MBBS, MSc, MD ( Medical Administration) Master Trainer Australia Crt. IV in TAE Cert. IVLP (USA)

Objective: Objective: The course orients the trainees on the ways of managing hospital information for the effective functioning of the hospital. It gives emphasis on the computerization of hospital services. Introduction to MIS and E Economy

Contents 1.Introduction to Hospital Information Management: Concept of information management, use of information in hospital administration; application of information system in hospitals. 2. Confidentiality, Security and privacy of hospital information system 3.Introduction to Hospital Software 4.Introduction to the Hospital patient care process analysis 5.Introduction to IT in medical equipments 6. Introduction to IT Projects Introduction to MIS and E Economy

Evaluation method Modular exam Structured Essay and MCQ Assignment – Project report Introduction to MIS and E Economy

Contents 1.Introduction to Hospital Information Management: Concept of information management, use of information in hospital administration; application of information system in hospitals. 2. Confidentiality, Security and privacy of hospital information system 3.Introduction to Hospital Software & Projects 4.Management of computerization project in the hospital: Areas of computerization in the hospital: patient care, medical records, and business administration 5.Modular evaluation : Conceptualize a project on computerization of a hospital service unit Introduction to MIS and E Economy

Topic 01 MIS Management Information Systems Dr Kithsiri Edirisinghe

Topic 01  Introduction management Information systems (MIS)  Concept of information management and the definitions and the process involved.

Management Information Systems V A\What is MIS_.flv Read -What is MIS  Introduction to Management Information Systems Introduction to MIS and E Economy

Information Systems Why Do People Need Information? Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control

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Information and Healthcare services Updates the level of knowledge Reduce uncertainty leading to avoid confusion and conflicts Aids in decision making. Improves representation of an entity Improves patient care output and ou come leading efficiency and effectives of the health care services Introduction to MIS and E Economy

Data, Information, and Systems Data vs. Information Data  “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture  Represents something in the real world  The raw materials in the production of information Information  Data that have meaning within a context  Data in relationships  Data after manipulation

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems Intelligence  Information is made more valuable  Use experience and make judgment  Facilitate faster and more realistic decision making  Done by experts in the field

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems Data Manipulation  Example: customer survey  Reading through data collected from a customer survey with questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful.  When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems Generating Information  Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output. Figure 1.1 Input-process-output

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information Effective information Information in Context

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems What Is a System? System: A set of components that work together to achieve a common goal Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems Open system: System that interfaces with other systems

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems Information and Managers Systems thinking  Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making.  Keeps managers focused on overall goals and operations of business.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy  Synergy  When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately  Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems Figure 1.6 Components of an information system

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Data, Information, and Systems The Four Stages of Data Processing  Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.  Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.  Output: Information is displayed or presented.  Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Why Study IS? Information Systems Careers  Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc. Knowledge Workers  Managers and non-managers  Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use information technology. Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy  Key to full participation in western society

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Ethical and Societal Issues The Not-So-Bright Side Consumer Privacy  Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals. Employee Privacy  IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy and creating stress.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Ethical and Societal Issues The Not-So-Bright Side Freedom of Speech  IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech. IT Professionalism  No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike other professions. Social Inequality  Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.

MIS- Management Information Systems TPS – Transaction Processing system DSS – Decision support systems EMS – Executive Management System Introduction to MIS and E Economy Categories of Systems

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Management Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)  Support operation  Management and control  Routine, normal operations Management Information Systems (MIS)  Provide decision- making support for routine, structured decisions  Closely linked to and fed by TPS

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Management Information Systems Terminology Confusion  MIS = the study of information technology in business settings  But, MIS is also term to refer to class of systems used to support operational and tactical decisionmaking

Introduction to MIS and E Economy A Model for Problem Solving Decision Making Phase  Intelligence gathering  Design  Choice Implementation Monitoring

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Decision Making A step in problem solving Intelligence gathering  Definition of problem  Data gathered on scope  Constraints identified Design phase  Alternatives identified and assessed Choice  Selection of an alternative

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Structured vs. Unstructured Problems Structured problems lend themselves to programmed decisions  The implication is that a repeatable process can be employed and these can be automated Unstructured problems require unprogrammed decisions

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Unstructured Problems Can be addressed (or partially addressed) with Decision Support Systems

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Structured Problems Can be addressed by an MIS Three decision models or techniques  Optimization  Find the best solution  Satisficing  Find a solution which meets certain criteria  Heuristics  Rule-based solution generation

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Goals of an MIS Provide managers with information Regular, routine operations Control, organize and plan better

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Typical Inputs and Outputs Inputs: Information from the TPS Outputs: hard and softcopy reports  Scheduled reports  On-demand reports  Key-indicator (business fundamentals)  Exception reports

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Functional Perspectives of MIS Financial MIS  Will integrate information from multiple sources  Functions  Costing  P&L reporting  Auditing  Funds management

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Functional Perspectives of MIS Manufacturing  Design and Engineering  Master Production Scheduling  Inventory Control  Materials Planning  Manufacturing and Process Control  Quality Control

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Functional Perspectives of MIS Marketing  Market research  Web-based market research  Pricing

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Functional Perspectives of MIS Transportation and Logistics  Route and schedule optimization Human Resources Accounting

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Decision Support Systems Used for unstructured problems Characteristics  Data from multiple sources internal and external to organization  Presentation flexibility  Simulation and what-if capability  Support for multiple decision approaches  Statistical analysis

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Components of a DSS Model management software  Provides a variety of solution models  Financial, statistical, graphical, project management Dialogue Manager  Allows user interaction with DSS

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Group Decision Making Systems Very interesting field How can information technology improve how decisions are made by groups?

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Group Decision Making Systems Applications  Where time is critical  Where participants are geographically dispersed  Where authority obstructs communication  Military  Business  Government

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Group Decision Making Systems Common characteristics  Meeting moderation/facilitation  Signed and anonymous comments  Structured deliberations  Presentation period  Comment period  Automated collation of comments  “Voting” Face-to-face and remote

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Executive Information Systems What information does a chief executive of board member require?

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Executive Information Systems High level with drill down Key business and industry data Structured and unstructured information  Structured: MTD orders  Unstructured: Industry newsfeed Graphical

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Activity 01 What are the benefits in MIS for healthcare services ? - Make a mind map Introduction to MIS and E Economy

Introduction to e- Economy

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Chapter 1  Strategic Use of Information Technology in the Digital Economy

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Technology Trivia

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Learning Objectives Describe the characteristics of the digital economy and e- business. Recognize the relationships between business pressures, organizational responses, and information systems. Identify the major pressures in the business environment and describe the major organizational responses to them. Define computer-based information systems and information technology. Describe the role of information technology in supporting the functional areas, public services and specific industries List the new technology development in the areas of generic and networked computing and Web-based systems. Understand the importance of learning about information technology.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Digital Economy – “New” Economy E-Business: The use of electronic technologies to transact business. Collaboration: People and Organizations interact, communicate, collaborate and search for information Information Exchange: Storing, processing and transmission of information.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Digital Business  Networks  Internet  Telecommunications  Consumer  In-office  Field Sales

Introduction to MIS and E Economy The Old Economy – Taking Photo’s 1.Buy film in a store 2.Load your camera 3.Take pictures 4.Take roll of film to store for processing 5.Pickup the film when ready 6.Select specific photos for enlargement 7.Mail to family and friends

Introduction to MIS and E Economy The New Economy – Taking Photo’s 1 st Generation Digital Photography  Old economy except 6 and 7 were replaced by using a scanner and ing 2 nd Generation Digital Photography  Use a Digital Camera, no film, no processing. 3 rd Generation Digital Photography  Your Digital Camera is now your mobile phone, in your binoculars or a palmtop computer.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Business Models A business model is a method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself. The model spells out how the company adds value to create a product or service. (Value Chain)  Nokia makes and sells cell phones  A TV station provides free broadcasting. Its survival depends on a complex model involving advertisers and content providers.  Internet portals, such as Yahoo, also use a complex business model.  Changing

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Digital Age Business Models Name-Your-Own Price Reverse Auctions Affiliate Marketing E-Marketplaces and Exchanges Electronic aggregation (buying groups)

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Drivers Forcing Changes In Business Models Environmental, organizational, and technological factors are creating a highly competitive business environment these factors or forces can change quickly, sometimes in an unpredictable manner. Therefore, companies need to react frequently and quickly to both the threats and the opportunities resulting from this new business environment. A response can be a reaction to a pressure already in existence, an initiative intended to defend an organization against future pressures, or an activity that exploits an opportunity created by changing conditions.  Business Pressures  Business Critical Response Activities

Introduction to MIS and E Economy The Drivers of change Business Pressures on an Organization that force change.  Market  Technology  Society

Introduction to MIS and E Economy The Drivers of change Continued Business Pressures on an Organization.  Market  Society  Technology

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Organizational Response to these Drivers Strategic Management & Systems Continuous Improvement – Operational Efficiency Restructuring business processes Manufacturer to order, Mass-Customization Customer Focus Strategy Electronic business Business Alliances  Technology is required to effectively implement these critical responses.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information System An information system (IS) collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose. Like any other system, an information system includes inputs (data, instructions) and outputs (reports, calculations). It processes the inputs by using technology such as PCs and produces outputs that are sent to users or to other systems via electronic networks and a feedback mechanism that controls the operation.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information System Is A System

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Computer Based Information System Hardware Software Data Network Procedures People  Hardware  Software  People  Data  Application  More than hardware and software

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Applications and Operations Retail operations Wholesale Manufacturing Human Resources Marketing Content management …

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information Systems Functional Perspective Functional PerspectiveMarketing  Identify customers  Determine what they want  Planning products  Advertising and promoting products  Determine prices for products

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information Systems Functional Perspective Functional PerspectiveSales  Contact customers  Sell the product  Take the order  Follow-up on the sale  5 year sales forecast

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information Systems Functional Perspective Functional PerspectiveManufacturing  Control Equipment and machinery  Design new products  When and quantity of products to produce  New production facilities  Generate the work order

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information Systems Functional Perspective Functional PerspectivePurchasing  Which vendors  Quantity to purchase  Coop, rebate tracking  Handle delivery discrepancies  Generate the purchase order

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information Systems Functional Perspective Functional PerspectiveFinance  Financial Assets  Investment management  Banking  Long term budgets

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information Systems Functional Perspective Functional PerspectiveAccounting  Accounts Receivable  Disbursements  Payroll  Depreciation  Earned Coop and Rebates

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Information Systems Functional Perspective Functional Perspective Human Resources  Employee wages, salaries & benefits  Long term labor requirements  Tracking vacation, sick,  Track employee skills  Interview and review employees

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Trends in Technology Cost-performance ratio of chips keeps improving. Moore’s Law, his prediction was that the processing power of silicon chips would double every 18 months. According to McGarvey & tenornetworks.com, states that the performance of optical communication networks is growing by a factor of 10 every three years Several new devices and methods to increase storage capacity price performance Object technology enables the development of self-contained units of software that can be shared Networked and distributed computing is emerging rapidly Metcalfe’s Law.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Trends in Technology (continued) Internet Mobile Computing and M-Commerce Wireless networks Pervasive Computing Smart Devices

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Trends in Technology (continued) The Network Computer Optical Networks Storage Area Networks Intranets & Extranets The Internet The Networked Enterprise

Introduction to MIS and E Economy Why Study Information Systems? You will be more effective in your chosen career if you understand how successful information systems are built, used, and managed. You also will be more effective if you know how to recognize and avoid unsuccessful systems and failures. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Top seven fastest growing occupations fall within IT or computer related field” Developing “Computer” Literacy will only enhance your “Information” Literacy Developing “Computer” Literacy will only enhance your “Information” Literacy

Introduction to MIS and E Economy The Outline

Introduction to MIS and E Economy MANAGERIAL ISSUES Recognizing opportunities for using IT and Web-based systems. Who will build, operate, and maintain the information systems. This is a critical issue because management wants to minimize the cost of IT while maximizing its benefits. Some alternatives are to outsource portions, or even all, of the IT activities, and to divide the remaining work between the IS department and the end users. How much IT? This is a critical issue related to IT planning. IT does not come free, but not having it may be much costlier. How important is IT? In some cases, IT is the only approach that can help organizations. As time passes, the comparative advantage of IT increases. Is the situation going to change? Yes, the pressures will be stronger as time passes. Therefore, the IT role will be even more important. Globalization. Global competition will have an impact on many companies. However, globalization opens many opportunities, ranging from selling and buying products and services online in foreign markets, to conducting joint ventures or investing in them. IT supports communications, collaboration, and discovery of information regarding all the above.

Introduction to MIS and E Economy MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued Ethics and social issues. The implementation of IT involves many ethical and social issues that are constantly changing due to new developments in technologies and environments. These topics should be examined any time an IT project is undertaken. Transforming the organization to the digital economy. The transformation can be done on several fronts. Management should study the opportunities, consider alternatives and prioritize them.