Melody Melody is the LINEAR/HORIZONTAL presentation of pitch (the word used to describe the highness or lowness of a musical sound) Pitch is notated on the lines and Spaces of the Staff and Ascends in Alphabetical order from A to G before it starts again. ____________________________________________ & F D B G E 4 F D B G E E C A F E C A F 4

B Clefs & ? G-Clef A.K.A. TREBLE Clef G4 passes through the curl of the clef. A clef (from French: clef "key") is a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes. Placed on one of the lines at the beginning of the stave, it indicates the name and pitch of the notes on that line. This line serves as a reference point by which the names of the notes on any other line or space of the stave may be determined. B C-Clef A.K.A. ALTO or TENOR Clef Middle C (C4) passes through the center of the clef. ? F-Clef A.K.A. BASS Clef F3 passes between the two dots of the clef.

The Grand Staff When music on two staves is joined by a brace, or is intended to be played at once by a single performer (usually a keyboard instrument or the harp), a great stave (BrE) or grand staff (AmE) is created. Typically, the upper staff uses a treble clef and the lower staff has a bass clef. In this instance, middle C is centered between the two staves, and it can be written on the first ledger line below the upper staff or the first ledger line above the lower staff. Very rarely, a centered line with a small alto clef is written, and usually used to indicate that B,C, or D notes on the line can be played with either hand (ledger lines are not used from a center alto as this creates confusion). When playing the piano or harp, the upper staff is normally played with the right hand and the lower staff with the left hand.

Ledger Lines (Reading Lines) A ledger line or leger line is used in Western musical notation to notate pitches above or below the lines and spaces of the regular musical staff. A line slightly longer than the note head is drawn parallel to the staff, above or below, spaced at the same distance as the lines within the staff

Scales (Whole Step/Half Step Construction) h = Chromatic Scale 12 pitches W W H W W W H = Major Scale 7 pitches There are 12 Major Scales. One for each pitch on the Piano

Accidentals are sharps and flats # Sharps raise a pitch one half step to the right b Flats lower a pitch one half step to the left Accidentals are notated on the left side of the note bq #q or

Solfege Solmization is the overall term for any system that uses distinct syllables to identify the various notes of a scale. Solfege is a time-honored tradition that dates back to the eleventh century. The theorist and composer Guido of Arezzo introduced a set of syllables corresponding to the pitches of scales.

“Fixed” Do VS “Moveable” Do When using “Fixed” Do the Pitch “C” will always be “Do” NO MATTER WHAT THE ACTUAL KEY or SCALE TONIC IS. “Moveable” Do allows us to make the TONIC of the scale we are singing “Do” EXAMPLE: If we are singing the G Major Scale, “G”, the TONIC, will become “Do” w w w # w w w & w w __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do = Moveable Sol La Ti Do Re Mi Fi Sol = Fixed

Chromatic Solfege Syllables (fixed) w w Ascending (adding Sharps) w w & ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ ____ w w # w w # w # w w w w # # Do Di Re Ri Mi Fa Fi Sol Si La Li Ti Do w w w Descending (adding flats) w w & b w w ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ b w b w w w w b w b Do Ti Te La Le Sol Se Fa Mi Me Re Ra Do

w w w w w w w w w w & w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w # # Moveable “Do” w w w # w w w w w w w & ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ w Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do w w w w w Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do w w w w # w w # w w w w _ ____ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ # Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do # w w w w w # Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do w

& & # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # b b b b b Key Signatures Key signatures are any of several combinations of sharps or flats after the clef or at the beginning of each stave indicating the key of a composition. The Key of C Major is the only MAJOR KEY with no SHARPS or FlATS. Sharp Keys: (Order of SHARPS = FCGDAEB) Flat Keys: (Order of FLATS = FCGDAEB) # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # & # ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ # # # G D A E B F# C# b b b b b b b b b b b b & ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b F Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb

Building Scales With Key Signatures # w w w w w w & w w w b w ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ w G A B C D E F# G w w F G A Bb C D E F w w w # w w w b w w w ____ ___ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ # & w b w w w D E F#G A B C#D w Bb C D Eb F G A Bb w w # w w w # w w w b w ____ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ w w & # w w b w b w w A B C#D E F#G#A Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb

Circle of fifths and fourths