SSUH1 Power Point The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century a. Explain Virginia’s development; include the Virginia Company, tobacco cultivation, relationships with Native Americans such as Powhatan, development of the House of Burgesses, Bacon’s Rebellion, and the development of slavery.

The Virginia Company The King of England granted a charter to the Virginia Company which established Jamestown as their settlement in 1607

IN your notes under the section Jamestown (under colonialism): write down as things you see in this picture and why you think they are that way.

Settlement of Jamestown The Virginia Company offered people willing to move to Jamestown a headright. Headright – 50 acres of land given to each person who could pay their own way to Virginia Official seal of the Virginia Company

Cheerio, mates, how about working for the Virginia Company in the beautiful settlement of Jamestown! After all, only 66% of the people have died, so you have a 1 in 3 chance of surviving! Also, everyone that can pay for their own journey to Virginia will receive 50 acres of land, free!

And if we go, I will have to work! Yuck! It sounds tempting, but we have a good life in England. Why should we give up the good life? And if we go, I will have to work! Yuck! Sounds great! Sign me up! After I receive my headright, I’ll finally have land of my own! Umm…I only have one problem. I’m broke and can’t pay for my own journey. Too bad, you say? Darn!!

Tobacco At first the Virginia Company failed to produce a cash crop and the Jamestown colony nearly failed John Rolfe established a blend of tobacco that was sold in England and produced a cash crop that made the colony prosper (1614) The original colonist to Jamestown tried to produce glass, and navel stores as a means of raising cash, but met with little success

The Virginia Company began to hire indentured servants. indentured servants – an individual who worked without wages for a specified number of years (usually 4 - 7) in exchange for transportation to the colonies.

The House of Burgesses The Virginia Company established a representative body to help run the colony in 1619 The House of Burgesses was made up of a governor and 20 representatives, or burgesses, from the colony’s 10 towns

Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon: -a frontier farmer who was upset with the way the Governor was ruling the Virginia colony -Governor took away many voting rights and failed to protect frontier farmers, who wanted more western land, from Native attacks. Governor William Berkeley believed that only the wealthy should vote, and established rules which allowed him and his councilors not to pay taxes

Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon raised a militia and took over Jamestown in 1676 The Governor retook the colony later that year after Bacon became ill and died

Relations with the Natives The local natives, the Powhatan, had an uneasy peace with the Virginia Company settlers and traded them food, helping the colony to survive for the first few years Relations eventually deteriorated and in 1622 the Powhatan attack Jamestown, killing many settlers The uprising is put down, but causes the King to revoke the Virginia Company’s Charter, turning Virginia into a Royal colony led by a governor appointed by the King The colony nearly failed in 1608 and had only 53 colonist left. 400 new settlers arrived in 1609. The colony nearly failed again during the winter of 1609-1610 when the population dwindled down to 60 settlers after most of the settlers died from starvation, disease, or attacks from the local Natives

The slave ship Brookes with 482 people packed onto the decks The slave ship Brookes with 482 people packed onto the decks. The drawing of the slave ship Brookes was distributed by the Abolitionist Society in England as part of their campaign against the slave trade, and dates from 1789.

Interior of a Slave Ship, a woodcut illustration from the publication, A History of the Amistad Captives, reveals how hundreds of slaves could be held within a slave ship. Tightly packed and confined in an area with just barely enough room to sit up, slaves were known to die from a lack of breathable air.

Africans were crowded and chained cruelly aboard slave ships.

Heading for Jamaica in 1781, the ship Zong was nearing the end of its voyage. It had been twelve weeks since it had sailed from the west African coast with its cargo of 417 slaves. Water was running out. Then, compounding the problem, there was an outbreak of disease. The ship's captain, reasoning that the slaves were going to die anyway, made a decision. In order to reduce the owner's losses he would throw overboard the slaves thought to be too sick to recover. The voyage was insured, but the insurance would not pay for sick slaves or even those killed by illness. However, it would cover slaves lost through drowning. The captain gave the order; 54 Africans were chained together, then thrown overboard. Another 78 were drowned over the next two days. By the time the ship had reached the Caribbean,132 persons had been murdered.

In 1619, the Virginia Company brought the first Africans to Jamestown as indentured servants. * Soon afterwards, Africans were used as slaves.

This engraving, entitled An African man being inspected for sale into slavery while a white man talks with African slave traders, appeared in the detailed account of a former slave ship captain and was published in 1854.

Middle Passage – passage across the Atlantic Ocean from West Africa to the Americas the was the route of the African American slave trade

Questions????? What role did the Virginia Company and tobacco have in saving the Virginia colony? What type of government did the House of Burgesses form? What was the relationship between the Powhatan and the colonists? How did it change and why? Why did Nathaniel Bacon lead a revolt in Virginia? What role did the first Africans play in the development of Virginia?