Sandeep Verma Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Biomimetic models of protein aggregation 2 nd REACH Symposium.

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Sandeep Verma Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Biomimetic models of protein aggregation 2 nd REACH Symposium March 15-18, 2008

Objectives  Ordered peptide assemblies following rules of self- organization in natural systems; morphologies  Stimuli-responsive systems following biologically relevant principles Biomimetics  Mimicry of vesicle formation: clathrin pits  Morphological triggers: biotin-avidin interaction

Protein/Peptide Self-Assembly Non-covalent interactions  Hydrogen bonding  Aromatic interactions Spatially defined or random Recruitment of Building Blocks Constituents: 162 capsomers Herpes Simplex Virus Capsid Increase in complexity Assembly

Importance Peptide Self-Assembly  Importance in modeling protein aggregation in neurodegeneration  Recent advances pertaining to designed fibers and filaments for advanced applications Nelson et al. Nature 435: , 2005Reches and Gazit, Science 300: , 2003

Conducting Peptide Fibers silver enhancement gold enhancement Metalated Sup 35 prion fibers PNAS 2003, 100, 4527–4532

Clathrin Mimetic Synthetic Triskelion

Constitution of Clathrin Lattices Nature 432: , 2004  Required component of vesicular transport  Clathrin building blocks are constituted of six polypeptide chains (~6000 amino acids) forming a three-legged structure - "triskelion“  Triskelions self- assemble into spherical structures which look like a hexagonal barrel

Electron Micrographs Of Clathrin Assembly

Bio-inspired Design of Nanocages R = Trp Trp “Triskelion conjugate” MM+ structure

Synthetic Approach

Spontaneous Aggregation of Triskelion a)b)c) d)e)f) Transmission Electron Micrographs (within 5 sec): Scanning Electron Micrographs:

Solvent Dependence  Rapid evolution of homogeneously sized vesicles  Multilamellar ultrastructure a)b)c) Ghosh et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007, 46, (1 mM, 60% or 90% aq. methanol)

Assembly and Disassembly

5 µm Fluorescent Dye Enclathration Rhodamine B: Fluorescence micrographs 5 µm pH µm pH 2.2

DNA Encapsulation  Self-assembled cages for cellular delivery of GFP plasmid  Expression in mammalian cells; E.coli unpublished results

Bioinspired Morphological Triggers

High Affinity Biotin-Avidin Interaction  Most stable biological interaction  Role of tryptophan residues in recognition and binding Avidin B B B B J. Mol. Biol. 279, , 1998

 Trp-120 to Phe-120 mutation reduces biotin binding affinity  Tryptophan contacts are crucial for recognition and binding; role of hydrophobic interactions Mutational Analysis of Binding Site

Joshi and Verma, Angew. Chem. 2008, in press ( DOI: /anie ) Synthetic Scheme

Self-Assembled Structures

 SEM/AFM/Fluorescence microscopy confirmation c a b d e f  Denaturing spherical structures (urea)

 NMR studies: Upfield shifts of aromatic protons due to partial face-to-face arrangement of the aromatic side chain, vis-à-vis biotin moiety. Solution Studies of Self-Organization

Probing Core Structure: FIB Milling d a b c f e Joshi and Verma, Angew. Chem. 2008, in press ( DOI: /anie )

Inscription on Soft Peptide Structures

Summary  Formation of clathrin-like vesicular morphologies  Stimuli-responsive soft structures  Cellular delivery of plasmid DNA  Morphological triggers for structural control  Biotin-avidin interaction (Trp requirement)  Processing of soft biomaterials

Acknowledgments  Mr. K.B. Joshi, Mr. Surajit Ghosh  Chandra, Ashutosh, Nidhi, Sudipta, Jitendra, Vijay Krishna, Apurba, Prabhpreet, Rajni  IIT Kanpur Swarnajayanti Fellowship, DST Special Bioinorganic Initiative, DST