Section 4The Structure of Matter Organic Compounds 〉 What is an organic compound? 〉 An organic compound is a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 4The Structure of Matter Organic Compounds 〉 What is an organic compound? 〉 An organic compound is a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon. organic compound: a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides Many ingredients of familiar substances contain carbon.

Section 4The Structure of Matter Organic Compounds, continued Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds in organic compounds. hydrocarbon: a compound made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms Alkanes hydrocarbons that have only single covalent bonds

Section 4The Structure of Matter Polymers 〉 What is a polymer? 〉 A polymer is a molecule that is a long chain made of smaller molecules. Polymers have repeating subunits. –Polyethene, or polyethylene, is made from many molecules of ethene. –monomer: the smaller molecule that makes up the polymer Ethene is the monomer in polyethene.

Section 4The Structure of Matter Polymers, continued Some polymers are natural, and others are artificial. –natural polymers: rubber, starch, protein, and DNA –human-made polymers: plastics and synthetic fibers A polymer’s structure determines its elasticity. –Polyethene is made of long chains. It is flexible, but not elastic. milk jugs –Polymers with connected chains are elastic. They can stretch. rubber bands

Section 4The Structure of Matter Biochemical Compounds 〉 What organic compounds are essential to life? 〉 Biochemicals, which are essential to life, include carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA.