 BELLRINGER (PICK UP YOUR SLIP)  What does the term “enlightened absolutism” refer to?  How are the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years War connected?

 To be able to critique the economic conditions and practices that helped contribute to political revolutions in Europe and the Americas  Today:  Bellringer  Notes: Colonial Period in Latin America & the American Revolution (Crash Course/Bill of Rights)  Response Paragraph

 Portugal dominated Brazil, while Spain had territories in North, Central, and South America

 In Central and South America a new civilization emerged that is called Latin America  Because the Spanish King allowed intermarriage between Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans the Latin American civilization is multiracial

 The offspring of these marriages are known in these societies as the following:  A. European and Native American= Mestizos  B. European and African= Mulattoes

 Trade between Latin America and Europe proved profitable; Gold, silver, sugar, diamonds, tobacco, and animal hides were exchanged between the two continents.  Latin American agriculture was dominated by large land owners

 Native Americans either worked on the estates of large landowners or worked as poor farmers on marginal lands (this system of large landowners and dependent peasants remained a lasting feature of Latin American society)

 Spanish and Portuguese kings tried to control their colonies in Latin America, but the distance and slow communication made it impossible.  As a result local colonial officials had a great deal of power and freedom to carry out imperial policies

 Spanish and Portuguese rulers were determined to Christianize the native people. They did this through missionaries.  Catholic missionaries brought native peoples together in villages or missions (churches) ◦ Convert them to Christianity ◦ Taught them trades ◦ Encouraged them to grow crops ◦ To control the lives of the natives they built schools, cathedrals, orphanages, and hospitals

1. What is the Seven Years War also known as? 2. Who were the two main sides in the Seven Years War? 3. Known as the “first global war,” where was the war fought? 4. Why were Native Americans perhaps the biggest losers of the Seven Years War? 5. What territories did the French lose (& British gain)? 6. How did the cost of the war affect the American colonies?

 The United Kingdom of Great Britain came into existence in 1707 when the governments of Scotland and England united  Britain acquired Canada and India in the Seven Years War  The North American territory had one million people by 1750

 In North America the colonial legislatures operated relatively independently  To pay the expenses of the Seven Years War the British government imposed a Stamp Act (tax on all paper products newspapers, cards, etc…)

 Violent protests caused the British to repeal (take back) the Stamp Act, but the problem was not over

 Colonies formed the First Continental Congress – fighting broke out between British troops and colonist in April of 1775  Second Continental Congress approved a Declaration of Independence on July 1776

 The French supported the colonies with arms and money, Spain, and Dutch also helped

 Articles of Confederation – gave power to states with no strong central government

 The U.S. Constitution created a Federal System – shared power between state and national governments  Powers of Federal Govt. – three branches of govt. executive, legislative, and judicial – separation of powers – checks and balances  a. levy taxes  b. raise an army  c. regulate trade  d. create a national currency

 Important to the Constitution was the Bill of Rights that guaranteed freedom of religion, speech, press, petition and assembly, right to bear arms, protected against unreasonable search and seizure, protection of property rights – all inspired by the philosophes of the enlightenment

 What was the first document that provided for a government in the U.S.?  What were the three branches of government created by the Constitution?  What is the role of each branch?  What was a reservation some had about approving the Constitution?  What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?  List three Enlightenment ideas that are present in the Bill of Rights.