SHELTER TO HOUSING EMERGING ISSUES IN THE URBAN CONTEXT 1 SETTLEMENTS: MORE IMPORTANT THAN HOUSING 2 LAND PARCEL MAPPING: A MUST 3 PURCHASE OF LAND: IT IS COMING 4 FINANCING HOUSING: AN UNTAPPED TOOL 5 COMMERCIAL WORLD: A NECESSARY PARTNER 1

CRITICAL FACTOR 1 politically involved economically complicated governmentally entangled complex interrelated interdependent 3 diverse attitudes conflicts in actions costly skill sets required in depth knowledge required time required As we move up the shelter curve, needs and evolutionary context change. Activities and interventions get more:.

CRITICAL FACTOR 2 As intervention activities break out along their developing paths, our management, skill sets, methodologies, funding, and program alignments need to timely shift to meet the new demands. 4

ISSUE 1 SETTLEMENTS ARE IMPORTANT Settlement building is essential to housing development Neighborhoods are Settlements Neighborhoods are the Recovery Building Blocks If the settlement building doesn’t start; housing will not start If the settlement fails the housing will untimely fail If we make good settlements; housing will develop on its own 5

NEIGHBORHOOD ATTRIBUTES IN RECOVERY PROGRAMS Must have clear boundary and be reasonably compact. Must be an “affinity” group. Must have some community involvement Must have a grass roots working governance. 6

NEIGHBORHOOD MINIMUM RECOVERY INTERVENTION A functional land parcel mapping Rubble removal and debris clean up Base level road repair, drainage, sanitation and water Participatory design and development Settlement level of effort: –must be sufficient to meet the minimum service needs of the community in a sustainable manner – 7

8 Transitional Settlement Recovery Neighborhood SHORTLY AFTER THE DISASTER TRANSITIONAL SETTLEMENTS

9 Transitional Settlement Recovery Neighborhood 3 YEARS AFTER THE DISASTER

ISSUE 2 LAND PARCEL MAPPING Critical to land issue resolution. Must be extensively done before rubble removal. Needs to fill the gaps in the areas “civil land system.” Needs a participatory approach. Needs to be monumented so that the whole neighborhood can be pulled into the civil land system by pulling in the monuments. 10

ISSUE 3 FINANCING HOUSING Cannot have permanent housing without financing. No one gives permanent houses to people for free. Two levels of financing are in play: –Financing (capital) for the construction. –Financing (loans) for the homeownership. Financing can improve sustainability Financing can make home ownership affordable 11

THE BENEFITS OF FINANCING Support durable ownership interests Promotes quality assets Promotes ownership commitment Makes the package of land-housing-services affordable 12

ISSUE 4 THE PURCHASE OF LAND WHY IT IS GOING TO HAPPEN Land is a fundamental component of EVERY economy No one gives “good” land away free The economic aspects of land can not be removed fro development programs Unless recovery is built on “good” land, beneficiaries will be back into hazardous, unsustainable, non asset housing situations 13

ISSUE 5 COMMERCIAL vs. HUMANITARIAN WORLDS COLLIDING STRATEGIES The commercial sector is coming down the shelter curve because it see a need and business opportunity. The humanitarian sector is moving up the shelter curve because it needs to expand its services to keep pace with emerging needs of urban disasters. 14

THE NEW PARTNERSHIP Currently the two worlds are in estrangement, but the future foretells that neither can functionally exist without the other. Why? Each has resources that the other will need and which neither can economically or practically build into their own operations. 15

TWO DIFFERENT PROFILES 16 COMMERCIAL Good at doing targeted component work Ability to inventory variety of materials Quick in-and-out service provider; time is money; change cost money Good with replication production; less flexibility to change Narrower focus but more in depth knowledge Don’t work well in a confused environment Profit motive; time and budget controlled Specification driven HUMANITARIAN Good at doing general work Limited inventories General capacity in many areas Long term assistance; time and change are a challenge Broad focus with general knowledge Good with social services and community mobilization Work in changing environments Benefits free; need and support controlled

CONCLUSIONS Need to “operate” two settlements in recovery and in a coordinated manner. As one settlement scales up (rebuilding) the other correspondingly scales down (transitional settlement). The transitional settlement must provide, albeit at a minimum level only, all the services that the original settlement did until the original settlement is rebuilt. 17

CONCLUSIONS Transitional settlements Settlement recovery Return processes Housing reconstruction ARE ALL COMPONENTS OF THE SAME PLAN 18

CONCLUSIONS No entity has the management structure, financial resources or scope of skill sets needed to do a competent shelter and settlements recovery interventions in a major urban disaster. As we advance along the shelter curve we need to We need to move from a “coordination of sectors” model to a “critical path planning and project manager” model. We need to pool funding and resources under an efficient management process. 19

THANK YOU QUESTIONS 20