Aldehydes By: Nicole Murphy & Michaela Miller. General Structure What makes an aldehyde an aldehyde? A carbon double bonded to an oxygen molecule. This.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Hydrocarbon Derivatives -Alcohols -Haloalkanes -Aldehydes -Ketones -Carboxylic Acids -Esters -Ethers -Amines -Amides.
Advertisements

Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Organic Chemistry Aldehydes and Ketones
Chapter 14 Aldehydes and Ketones Spencer L. Seager Michael R. Slabaugh Jennifer P. Harris.
Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Chapter 13 Organic Compounds with oxygen and Sulfur.
1 Chapter 14: Aldehydes and Ketones. 2 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES The carbonyl group: Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen attached to the carbonyl group.
1 Lecture 4: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Aldehydes and Ketones Vanilla.
Preparation and identification of an aldehyde. Primary alcohols are oxidised to form aldehydes and then carboxylic acids. Propan-1-olPropanal Propanoic.
Chapter 4 Ketones and Aldehydes. Chapter Carbonyl Structure Carbon is sp 2 hybridized. C=O bond is shorter, stronger, and more polar than C=C.
Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules
Chapter Fifteen Aldehydes And Ketones. Chapter 15 | Slide 2 of 36 In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a carbonyl group Ocarbonyl group  CH 3 -C-H.
Chapter 18 Ketones and Aldehydes Organic Chemistry, 6 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Prentice Hall;Copyright Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones The reduction of a carbonyl group occurs with the addition of hydrogen across the.
Chapter 15 Aldehydes and Ketones
Capsaicin. Aldehydes and ketones Carbonyl Compounds Contain the carbonyl group C=O Aldehydes: R may be hydrogen, usually a carbon containing group Ketones:
Aldehyde & Ketone Reactions. Formation of an Aldehyde Oxidation of Primary Alcohols General equation: – Primary alcohol aldehyde RCH 2 CH=O EXAMPLE: 1-propanol.
Aldehydes and ketones Chapter 15. The carbonyl group Aldehydes and ketones are among the first examples of compounds that possess a C-O double bond that.
Chapter 13 Aldehydes and Ketones Denniston Topping Caret 5th Edition
  Functional Group: a specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions.  Organic.
Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell and Farrell Chapter 17
Aldehydes & ketones Chapter 9
Aldehyde and ketones Lec.10. Introduction Aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the presence of the carbonyl group, perhaps the most important functional.
1 Principles and Applications of Inorganic, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Denniston, Topping, and Caret 4 th ed Chapter 14 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill.
1-1 Chemistry 121, Winter 2014, LA Tech Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State)
© 2003 Thomson Learning, Inc. All rights reserved General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 7e Bettelheim, Brown, and March.
Chapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones Chemistry 20. Carbonyl group C = O Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic acids Esters.
Week 3 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original Recognise and name aldehydes and ketones.
Carbonyl Compounds Ketones and aldehydes contain the carbonyl functional group, C=O. Formation of the C=O carbonyl π bond π bond formed by sideways overlap.
Alcohols Oh yeah!. Alcohol Compound where a hydroxyl group (-OH) replaces one of the hydrogens on a carbon General Formula: – R- OH Example: – CH 3 CH.
Definition a CARBONYL GROUP is a functional group found in organic compounds composed of a Carbon atom double - bonded to an oxygen atom. ═ C O.
Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones.
Hydrocarbon Derivatives
By: Kendra & Ashley. General Structure Carbon double bonded to oxygen with two hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups) Ketones never have a hydrogen atom attached.
By: Kendra & Ashley. General Structure Carbon double bonded to oxygen with two hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups) Ketones never have a hydrogen atom attached.
Chapter 15 and GHW#5 Questions
Aldehydes and Ketones. Introduction Aldehydes and Ketones are among the most widely occurring organic compounds, both in nature and in the chemical industry.
Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones Both aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group Aldehydes have at least one H attached, while ketones have two.
Aldehydes and Ketones Chapter 14. Structure  Aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group which consists of a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen. 
Functional Groups. Halocarbons Aka Organic Halides contains 1 or more halogen atom general formula: R-X (where R is a carbon chain and X is a halogen)
Chapter 17: Aldehydes and Ketones -C-H = = O O -C- = = O O < Aldehydes. Cinnamaldehyde < Ketones. Acetone.
Aldehydes Organic Family. What is an aldehyde anyway? An organic compound in which the carbonyl group (C=O) is attached to at least one hydrogen (-CHO).
Chapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones. Structure aldehyde The functional group of an aldehyde is a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom. In methanal, the.
Name as Substituent On a molecule with a higher priority functional group, C=O is oxo- and -CHO is formyl. Aldehyde priority is higher than ketone. 3-methyl-4-oxopentanal.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Organic.
Alcohols Alcohols Contain a hydroxyl group (-OH).
KETONES. INTRODUCTION ketones are organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group, C=O.
1-1 Chemistry 121, Winter 2016, LA Tech Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State)
General, Organic and Biochemistry 7 th Edition ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Copyright  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Carbonyl Compounds We just keep going, and going, and going.
1 Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chemistry of Cooking and Oxidation Higher Supported Study Week 3 – Part 2.
After completing this lesson you should be able to : Many flavour and aroma molecules are aldehydes. Straight-chain and branched-chain aldehydes and ketones,
Aldehyde and Ketones R- CH = O R – C – R y O Session 37.
Chapter 1.4 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols
Sample Problem 14.1 Identifying Aldehydes and Ketones
Chapter 1.6 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Fats
Chapter 14 Ketones, and Chiral Molecules
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 13 Aldehydes and Ketones
Organic Chem.
By Mackenzie Venator, Graham Gourley, and David Petitpas
Aldehydes and Ketones.
Aldehydes & Ketones.
Chapter 17 Aldehydes and Ketones
1.6 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, ESTERS, AND FATS
14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde. It is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. An aqueous solution called formalin, which.
Ketones, Aldehydes, Amines
Chap 14: ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules
ALDEHYDES AND KETONES.
Presentation transcript:

Aldehydes By: Nicole Murphy & Michaela Miller

General Structure What makes an aldehyde an aldehyde? A carbon double bonded to an oxygen molecule. This is called a carbonyl group. Bonded to this carbonyl group is a hydrogen molecule.

General structural formula

Naming Aldehydes are named using the IUPAC rules. 1) Identify the longest carbon chain with the carbonyl group.

Naming cont. 2) When numbering, the carbonyl group is always number 1. 3) Identify the branched attachments ( alphabetically ) and prefix the carbon number it is attached to. If there is more than one of the same type use prefixes. Ex : di for 2, tri for 3 ect.

Naming cont. 4) Use the alkane name that represents the number of carbons in the longest chain. 5) Change the “ e ” ending and replace it with “ al ”.

Try this….

Answer…. 2-methylpropanal

Try this… Draw: - Hexanal

Answer

Everyday use: Hexanal is actually used in the flavour industry to produce fruity flavours, although its scent resembles that of freshly cut grass.

Smaller Aldehydes have a stronger, sharp, pungent odour. Larger Aldehydes have an almost rosy smell, or a sweet smell. Formaldehyde (or CH2O) can be used to preserve dead animals. Acetone is commonly found in fingernail polish remover and is a solvent. 2-Butanone is used as a solvent and paint stripper.

Aldehydes are famously produced as ingredients in perfumes and flavors. Carvone is used as spearmint flavoring. Vanillin is the vanilla flavoring and gives vanilla beans their aroma. (Often appears in nature) Cinnamaldehyde smells like cinnamon.

Properties of Aldehydes Aldehydes have a higher boiling point than Alkanes of similar size and structure. Ex. Boiling point of 2-methylpropanal : 63˚C vs. Boiling point of 2- methylpropane: 11.7 ˚C Aldehydes with lower molecular weight have high water solubility (ex. Formaldehyde).

Common reactions Aldehydes are formed by partial oxidation of primary alcohols and form carboxylic acids when they are further oxidized. Two common aldehyde reactions are either the reduction or oxidation reaction. When an oxidizing agent is added to a primary alcohol it forms an aldehyde, or if an aldehyde is reduced, it can form a primary alcohol.

REACTION Synthesis: A primary alcohol reacts with an oxidizing agent to make an aldehyde R-OH + Ox.Agent  RH= O Example: 1-Propanol is oxidized to propanal CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH + Ox.Agent  CH 3 CH 2 CHO

Examples of Oxidizing Agents An oxidizing agent is the substance that provides oxygen or removes hydrogen from another substance. Permanganate (MnO 4 - ) When Hydrogen gas reacts with metals it is an oxidizing agent. (H 2 (g)) Oxygen gas ( O 2 )

Another Oxidation Reaction Tollens' reagent is a chemical reagent most commonly used to determine whether a known carbonyl-containing compound is an aldehyde or a ketone. It is usually ammoniacal silver nitrate, but can also be other mixtures, as long as aqueous diamminesilver(I) complex is present. It was named after its discoverer, Bernhard Tollens. A positive test with Tollens' reagent results in elemental silver precipitating out of solution, occasionally onto the inner surface of the reaction vessel, producing a characteristic and memorable "silver mirror" on the inner vessel surface.