CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) for Schools Texas Crime Prevention Association July 20, 2006 Dallas, Texas Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Steve Garst L.C.C., C.C.P.S. B.B.A. Degree – Sam Houston State University B.B.A. Degree – Sam Houston State University TCLEOSE Master Peace Officer TCLEOSE Master Peace Officer TCLEOSE Instructor Certification TCLEOSE Instructor Certification Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT) Leadership Command College (LCC) – Class # 41 Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT) Leadership Command College (LCC) – Class # 41 Certified Crime Prevention Specialist Certified Crime Prevention Specialist Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept. 15 years law enforcement experience 15 years law enforcement experience Former Sergeant and Coordinator of School Safety – Conroe ISD Former Sergeant and Coordinator of School Safety – Conroe ISD

Presentation Objectives Quickly review CPTED definitions and concepts Quickly review CPTED definitions and concepts Briefly cover importance of core technology - locks, lights, alarms, cameras, etc. Briefly cover importance of core technology - locks, lights, alarms, cameras, etc. Look at the use of colors in a CPTED context Look at the use of colors in a CPTED context Look at the use of artwork in a CPTED context Look at the use of artwork in a CPTED context Cover floor plan basics and alternate usage methods Cover floor plan basics and alternate usage methods Throughout…present realistic CPTED applications useful to YOU. Throughout…present realistic CPTED applications useful to YOU. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Presentation Objectives Make you think! Make you think! Get you used to looking for: Get you used to looking for: Common solutions in uncommon ways Common solutions in uncommon ways Uncommon solutions in common ways Uncommon solutions in common ways What if? (Everything) What if? (Everything) Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

CPTED Axiom Convenience Kills Safety Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Uniformly, fairly, consistently) …or get rid of the rule! When the smallest of rules go unenforced, all the rest become mere suggestions. Steve Garst Enforce the Rules REMEMBER Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Physical Environment ….. affects Behavior of people….. affects Productive use of space….. affects Crime/loss prevention CPTED Emphasis Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Definitions What is Crime Prevention What is Crime Prevention? “The anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action to remove or reduce it.” Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of crime and an improvement in the quality of life. Operational Definition What is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design? Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Four D’s of Crime Prevention 1. Deter the criminal attack 2. Detect the attack 3. Delay the attack 4. Deny access to selected targets Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Four Key Concepts of CPTED 1.) Natural Surveillance  Place physical features, activities, and people in a way that maximizes visibility. people in a way that maximizes visibility.  Public spaces, walks, etc. well lighted at night night Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Obstacles to Natural Surveillance  Solid walls – lack of windows  Solid fences - i.e. brick  Low, untrimmed tree limbs  High, untrimmed shrubs  Inadequate, non-existent, poorly maintained lighting Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Four Concepts – cont. 2.) Natural Access Control Physically guiding people coming and going from a space by strategically placing entrances, exits, fences, landscaping and lighting. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Obstacles to Natural Access Control  Unsupervised entry or exit  Unlocked secondary entrances  Inadequate or non-existent alarmed areas  Blind hallways or entrances Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Four Concepts – cont. 3.) Territorial Reinforcement Using physical attributes that express ownership such as fences, pavement treatment, art, signage, and lighting. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Obstacles to Territoriality  Poor border definition  Lack of signage  Poor registration and tracking of visitors  Lack of student and employee badges  Failure to consider school uniforms Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Visibility Issues Must NOT obstruct visibility A solid barrier has two negative effects… Provides a shield for unauthorized activity Provides a shield for unauthorized activity Prohibits visual inspection of the property Prohibits visual inspection of the property Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Highway Public Sidewalk Green Belt Your Driveway Your Building Sidewalk Fence or low landscaping Your Building Lighting Grass, dirt, gravel, other area Paving or Walk Material Different from Public Walk

Four Concepts – concluded 4.) Maintenance Allows for the continued use of space for its intended purpose Serves as additional expression of ownership Prevents reduction of visibility (overgrowth) Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Maintenance A very important, but often ignored aspect… Must be inspected on a periodic basis to determine condition and guard against digging, damage, climbing aides, etc. Locks on gates and other openings in the barrier must be inspected periodically and changed at planned intervals “BROKEN WINDOWS” concept Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Three Lines of Defense Perimeter Barriers - The first line of defense Buildings exterior - Walls, floor and roof Building interior Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Perimeter Barrier… The First Line of Defense What is a barrier? Anything that restricts or obstructs Can be a psychological barrier Fences Landscaping LightingCrime Scene TapeRope Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Building Exterior – Second Line of Defense Consider principle points of entry DoorsWindows Roof hatches Skylights Floors Storm sewers In other words…. Consider not only sides but top and bottom. Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for here Window air conditioner Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Interior Controls – Third Line of Defense Complex area and may vary considerably from building to building Considerations are: Locks Key control Alarms Cameras Metal detectors Type of glass Access Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Locks and Key Control Do you know where your keys are? When did you last re-key your building? Can you swap keyways with those from other campuses? Can you swap keyways with those from other districts? How about mag cards? Ease of control – costly up front/cheaper in the long-run – more useful in lockdowns. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Lights and Lighting Not just more light, more effective light Not just more light, more effective light Most effective crime prevention tool Most effective crime prevention tool Choose the right light for it’s location and intended purpose – (different lights yield different lighting and color rendition) Choose the right light for it’s location and intended purpose – (different lights yield different lighting and color rendition) Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Alarms  First notification of a breach  Who gets the notification?  Is the alarm “zoned” for better coverage?  Is the system maintained, including preventive maintenance? Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Cameras  Best way to increase your “eyes”  Most cost effective if wired into new building construction  Should be integrated with alarms  Provides proof of illegal or unauthorized activity – (eases prosecution – quiets vocal parents) Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

The Use of Color Do colors affect people? Yes If that is true, then can colors be used to influence the “effective use” of an environment? Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

…symbolizes heat, fire, blood, passion, love, warmth, power, excitement and aggression …can elevate blood pressure and respiratory rate …emotionally intense and extremely dominating …makes people anxious …can cause people to loose track of time (Viva Las Vegas) …can be an appetite stimulant Red Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

…excessive use can cause eye irritation and can speed metabolism …in moderate amounts can… …produce sensations of brightness and warmth …represent playfulness, light, creativity, easygoing attitude …attention getter, but like sunlight… you want it to be there, but you don’t want it in your eyes. …most visible of all colors – attention getter Yellow Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

..is a universal symbol of nature and money …symbolizes life, youth, renewal, hope …is the easiest color on the eyes …calming effect on nervous system (the Green Room for TV guests) Dark Green -- cool, masculine, conservative, and implies wealth. Emerald Green -- immortality. Olive Green -- the color of peace. Green Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Colors can be deceiving Colors can take on different hues depending on location or proximity to other colors However… Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Is the color in the center the same or different? Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

The red center looks different in relation to it’s background Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

The same color will appear different under various types of lighting. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

The use of art to create… Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

In a hallway, you want students to move, not stand and visit. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

…but be careful You may get them moving faster than you want! Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

In the cafeteria, you want them sitting down eating, so…,,,Create serenity. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Don’t create motion, especially swift motion like... Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Animals and motion…do you want them moving? Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

…but not moving too fast… Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Or…do you want them passive, sitting…grazing? Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Be aware of the intent and the picture being used. Some differences are very subtle. PassiveAggressive Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

B O Y ’ S G Y M Move them with simple arrows… Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Building Floor Plans and Furniture Arrangements Subtle Differences and Simple Changes Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Principal’s Office Your Desk You are here Your only exit is here The suddenly hostile 6’5”, 285 lb. parent is here Or maybe here How do you get away? Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Principal’s Office Your Desk Place Yourself Here Your only exit is here Place the 6’5”, 285 lb. parent here. If he gets hostile, you have an escape. Or Here Now, you can get away? Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Poor Design Isolated Entry Difficulty Hearing Good Design Good Entry / Access Good Hearing Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

GB BB Office Commons AP’s LIB. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

GB BB Office Commons AP’s LIB. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Reception Desk Enter Library BBGB File Cabinets Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Reception Desk Enter EXIT ONLY Library BBGB File Cabinets Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Main Hallway Receptionist Bench Main Entry Doors Receptionist Main Hallway Main Entry Doors Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Main Hallway Desk Main Entry Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Student Parking School Informal Gathering Areas Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Student Parking School Formal Gathering Areas Fencing or landscaping Add Lighting Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Student Parking Curb Line Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Student Parking Curb Line Fencing or low landscaping Optional Gate Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

To/From Cafeteria School Cafeteria Hallways Allow 5 minute intervals between passing periods Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

To/From Cafeteria School Cafeteria Hallways In from one hall and out another at the same time Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Cafeteria Tables YOU ARE HERE THE FIGHT STARTS HERE Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Cafeteria Tables YOU ARE HERE THE FIGHT STARTS HERE Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

YOU ARE HERE THE FIGHT STARTS HERE Cafeteria Tables Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places Main Street School Building Student Parking Faculty,/Visitor Parking Band and cheerleader practice in student lot after school. Activity is hidden. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places Main Street School Building Student Parking Faculty,/Visitor Parking Move band and cheerleader practice to faculty lot. Activity is in view of others. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places Main Street School Building Student Parking Faculty,/Visitor Parking After hour parking for away athletic events. Lots of car burglaries or criminal mischief. Driver’s Education Training after school Driveway Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places School Building Student Parking Faculty,/Visitor Parking Move Driver’s Ed to back. Coming and going will help watch activity. Place after-hour parking in front Driveway Main Street Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Where Do Recruiters Go? Main Building Cafeteria Hallway Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Reasons to Consider CPTED Analysis by an Outside Professional They are accustomed to looking for CPTED related risk factors and weaknesses They are accustomed to looking for CPTED related risk factors and weaknesses They look at the location with fresh eyes They look at the location with fresh eyes They are not beholden to local politics or hidden agendas They are not beholden to local politics or hidden agendas Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

CPTED Analysis Tools Analysis of the neighborhood, including crime mapping statistics of times and occurrences. Analysis of the school grounds Analysis of all school buildings Survey of students, staff and on occasion, parents, visitors and neighbors Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Does CPTED Really Work? It does for McDonalds. Do you think the design of those slippery seats, drive-thru windows, cueing lines, etc. was accidental? It does for Houston Metro. Used for all their stops Concrete barrier effective use The high grass and lost objects found Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

THANK YOU

Steve Garst, L.C.C./C.C.P.S. Little Elm Police Department 100 W. Eldorado Parkway Little Elm, Texas Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept. (214)