Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 Sustainable Development Indicators and Environmental-Economic Accounting Karl Schoer Federal Statistical Office Germany Paper presented at the Meeting of the UNCEEA New York June

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 Measuring the „sustainability gap“ Sustainability gap Simple indicator approach Accounting approach Adjusted macro-economic aggregates Integrated indicator approach

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 Two separate worlds Policy makers stakeholders, statisticians Accountants statisticians scientists (modelers) Communication/visualization, performance control Integrated analysis, formulation of measures, balancing conflicting goals Theoretical foundation, system description, integration Indicators Accounts Political relevance

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 Problem description Analysis Measures Performance control The policy cycle

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 National Accounts Environmental Economic Accounts Socio-economic Accounts 1 Productivity of energy and raw materials 2 Emissions of greenhouse gases 3 The proportion of renewable energy sources in overall energy consumption 4 Increase in land use for housing and transport 5 Development of stocks of specified animal species 6 Balance of public sector financing 7 Private- and public-sector expenditure on research and development 8 Capital-outlay ratio 9 Educational outcomes for 25-year-olds and number of new students 10 Gross domestic product 11 Transport intensity and share of the railways in providing transport 12 Proportion of ecological agriculture and general statement on nitrogen surplus 13 Air pollution 14 Satisfaction with health 15 Number of burglaries 16 Labour force participation rate 17 Full time children care facilities 18 Relationship between male and female gross annual earnings 19 Number of foreign school-leavers who have not completed secondary school 20 Expenditure on development collaboration 21 EU imports from developing countries Integration of the German sustainability indicators into the accounting data set

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 Environmental pressure factors and economic factors in Germany Change 1995 to 2003 in percent - 6,9 19,9 8,7 - 28,3 - 7,7 0,5 - 7,8 11,7 - 3,5 - 30,0- 25,0- 20,0- 15,0- 10,0- 5,0- 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 Federal Statistical Office of Germany 2005 Employment Gross Domestic Product Goods transport performance Settlement and traffic area Air pollution Green house gases Primary material Energy Capital formation

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 Decomposition of the change of sustainable development indicators Production Change 1995 to 2001 by effects Scale effect = 100 Energy TJ Primary material t Greenhouse gases t CO 2 equivalents Intensity Structure Scale CO t Ch 4 t N 2 O t SO 2 t NO x t NMVOC t NH 3 t Settlement and traffic area km² Goods transport performance mill. tkm Employment annual average in 1 000

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 Decomposition of change of mobility-related CO2-emission of private households by influencing factors 1991 to 2000 Million tons

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 million tons Exports 374,9 Imports 319,1 802,8 858, supply Exports 285,7 Imports 257,3 946,5 974,8 Domestic use use supply Production, consumption of private households CO 2 - emissions related to the imports, the production and the consumption of private households (supply) and the use of products Domestic use Production, consumption of private households

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006

Federal Statistical Office of Germany © Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006 The way forward: Strategy for an integrated sustainable development analysis and policy SD- indicator set Accounting system (SNA; EEA, SEA) Tools for economic and environmental economic analysis Deriving indicators from the accounting data-set Adjusting the accounts to the requirements of SD Developing tools for SD-analysis Embedded SD-indicators Integrated SD-analysis Integrated SD-policy