The Research Process Step 1-4 IBC464 International College

Step 1-4 The broad problem area Preliminary data gathering Problem definition Theoretical framework

Step1:The broad problem area 1 Observation a problem currently existing A situation requiring improvement To find some answer empirically The broad problem area would be narrowed down to specific issues for investigation after some preliminary data are gathered by the researcher.

Step2:Preliminary data gathering (Literature review) Types of data –Primary data –Secondary data Nature of data to be collected –Background information of the organization –Managerial philosophy, company policies –Perception,attitudes,behavioral responses,client systems –Relevant surveys or research

Step3:Problem definition Or problem statement is a clear, precise, and succinct statement of the question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of finding an answer or solution. Ex.What are the components of “quality of life”?

Step4: Theoretical framework Is a conceptual model of how one theories or make logical sense of the relationships among the several factors that have been identified as important to the problem. Then hypotheses can be developed Variables –Dependent variable –Independent variable

Variables –Dependent variable is the variable of primary interest to the researcher.The researcher’s goal is to understand and describe the dependent variable. –Independent variable is one that influences the dependent variable in either a positive or a negative way. Ex.The development of a successful new product influences the stock market price.

Survey Research Types Of Questions Survey questions can be divided into two broad types: structured and unstructured Question Content Response Format Likert Scaling

Research Design

Step 1 Problem definition

Step 2: Hypothesis generation

Levels Of Measurement And Scaling

Probability Sampling A probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection

Levels of Measurement

Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution table Frequency distribution bar chart. formula for the standard deviation: