The Physiology and epigenetics of Methamphetamine Thomas Crawford Thomas Jefferson Classical Academy Avondale NC.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

OPTION E E4 NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND SYNAPSES

Advertisements

What about communication between neurons?.  presynaptic ending – ◦ portion of the axon conveying information to the next neuron.

Neurotransmitters Chemicals that influence the firing of nerve cells Can “excite”-make firing more likely Or “inhibit” make firing less likely.

Synaptic Transmission Chapter 4 Pages Chemical Synapses  Most synapses in the brain are chemical. Electronically coupled gap junction synapses.

Neurotransmitters A. Criteria

Part Fundamentals of Physiology Part II Food, Energy, and Temperature Part III Integrating systems Part IV Movement and Muscle Part V Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,

Synapses Figure

The Nervous System.

Widely Found and Studied Neurotransmitters  Glutamate – has excitatory functions  4 Ascending activating systems are very important  Cholinergic System.

Enteric Nervous System gutgut Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nerves (12 pr)cranial.

Synapse and Neurotransmitter Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed Assistant prof. Physiology Al Maarefa College 1 Lecture slides are prepared by Dr.Mohammed Sharique.

The Biology of Behavior

Review the Synapse What is a synapse? A synapse is the “gap” between the axon of one nerve and the dendrite of the next one. The average neuron has 1,000.

Nervous Tissue. Nervous System CNS (brain and spinal cord) CNS (brain and spinal cord) PNS (peripheral nervous system) PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Lesson 6 - Structure and Signaling The Nervous System Central Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System BrainSpinal CordSomaticAutonomic SensoryMotor Parasympathetic.

Neurons Structure and Conduction of a Nerve Impulse.

Nervous System Nervous system cells  Neurons Glial cells OBJ 43.

E4 Neurotransmitters and synapses

Lecture Presentation by Lee Ann Frederick University of Texas at Arlington Chapter 12 Neural Tissue © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Capítulo 12 Tejido Nervioso.

Neuron Used for communication between body parts May be as long as a meter.

1. Contrast the functions of B cells and T cells. 2. What are memory cells? 3. How do vaccines work? 4. How does HIV affect the immune system?

Neurotransmitters Lecture 13.

Amines & Amides Dr. Michael P. Gillespie. Introduction Amines and Amides contain nitrogen. Nitrogen is an important component in the structure of the.

Upload “Neurotransmitters and Drugs” To eBackpack.

Functional Human Physiology for the Exercise and Sport Sciences Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration Jennifer L. Doherty, MS, ATC Department of.

 chemicals released by vesicles in sending neuron  travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on receiving neuron 2 TYPES = EXCITATORY = stimulate.

Nervous System. Functions of Nervous System The nervous system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body. It is the center.

Neurology Lecture 1 Part 1. The Final Frontier Space the final frontier? The brain, the final frontier!

Neurotransmitters & Receptors. Sensory neuron Motor neuron Receptor potentialAction potential Synaptic potential Action potential.

Synaptic Transmission Syllabus Toole page

1 Synaptic Transmission. 2 Synaptic contacts Axodendritic – axon to dendrite Axodendritic – axon to dendrite Axosomatic – axon to soma Axosomatic – axon.

The Nervous System Neuron –Cell body; Dendrites; Axon Three general groups of neurons –Sensory neurons (afferent or receptor) Receive the initial stimulus.

NERVOUS SYSTEM CH 48. NERVOUS SYSTEM Central Nervous system –  Brain & spinal cord Peripheral nervous system- nerves that communicate motor & sensory.

Neurotransmitters Lesson 13. Neurotransmitters n Chemical messengers l Signal between cells n Released at axon terminal l By action potentials n Metabolism.

October 2,  Nerve cells  Conduct impulses that carry signals  Types  Sensory ▪ Respond to incoming stimuli ▪ Transmit information from senses.

Synaptic Transmission How a neuron communicates with another neuron and the effects of drugs on this process. Types of Neurotransmitters.

Neurons, Neurotransmitters, and Systems. Structure of a Neuron.

Neurotransmitters Chemical communicators. Two basic kinds of Neurotransmitters Excitatory: – create Excitatory postsynaptic potentials: EPSP's – stimulate.

Neural Tissue: 2.

Nervous System: transport of messages in the body.

Neurotransmitters A. Criteria 1. must mimic presynaptic effects if administered exogenously 2. must be released during activity of presynaptic neuron 3.

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Neurotransmitters Information in this presentation taken from UCCP Content.

Neurotransmitters Are Your Friends

Chapter Four Psychopharmacology.

The Nervous System & Neurons Chapter 7 Click pic.

What is a neurotransmitter? Chemicals secreted by neurons Stimulated action potential in adjacent neurons Two types of responses: Excitatory Inhibitory.

AP Biology Nervous Systems Part 3.  I. Synapses – These are the gaps between neurons or between neuron and effector cells.  A. There are two types of.

1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 15.

Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 15

Neurons & the Nervous System Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior.

The Nervous System-Part II

NEUROTRANSMITTERS THE MESSENGERS OF NERVE CELLS.

The Nervous System-Part II Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Disease of the Brain.

Neurotransmitters.

What is a neurotransmitter?

Drugs affecting Neurotransmission

Lesson 6 - Structure and Signaling

Synapse and Neural Integration

Neurotransmitters.

Diseases and Dependencies

The Role of Membrane Proteins in…

Neurotransmitters.

12-7 Synapses Synaptic Activity Action potentials (nerve impulses)

Chapter 2 Biopsychology.

Neurotransmitters.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Neurotransmitters and the Synapse

Neurobiology/ Behavior Lesson

Presentation transcript:

The Physiology and epigenetics of Methamphetamine Thomas Crawford Thomas Jefferson Classical Academy Avondale NC

Types of Neurons Sensory neurons (Skin and internal organs) Motor Neurons (locomotion of muscles) Interneurons (neuron to neuron communication that routes and distributes signals.

Neural junctions

Reflex

What is a synapse or synaptic gap?

Ways that drugs can interfere with synaptic activity. Interfere with neurotransmitter synthesis Alter the rate of neurotransmitter release (Botulism prevents ACh from releasing) Prevent neurotransmitter inactivation (Sarin gas) (Cocaine dopamine re-uptake inhibitor) Prevents neurotransmitter from binding to receptors. (Nicotine)

Some synapses are electrical. In fact, at first, all were thought to be electrical. Electrical synapses are difficult to regulate and control.

Neurotransmitter defined acetylcholine (ACh)-found in great concentrations where neurons act upon muscles. Curare norepinephrine and epinephrine-(biogenic amines) generate action potentials in the CNS, smooth and cardiac muscles. dopamine-(biogenic amine) stimulates neurons and is involved in memory, mood and motor cooridnaton Cocaine inhibits dopamine removal from synapse Meth increases dopamine release from neurons serotonin-(biogenic amine) involved in mood, rhythms. Inadequate production involved in depression.

Crawford W. Long 1842 or so

AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTES Glutamate Excitatory in invertebrate neuromuscular junction. Aspartate Excitatory CNS Glycine inhibitory CNS GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) inhibitory in invertebrate neuromuscular junction.

Gaseous Signals of the Nervous System NO nitric oxide (signals walls of blood vessels of relax and dilate. Nitroglycerin with enzymes convert nitroglycerin to NO which dilate the blood vessels that supply the cardiac muscle.

endorphins Are neuropeptides (short chains of amino acids) that serve as neurotransmitters and decrease the perception of pain by the CNS. Endorphins may decrease urine output, depress respiration, produce euphoria…

Morphine and heroin Opiate-like polypeptides in the brain Candace PertSolomon Snyder

Blood Brain Barrier

Inhibitory neurotransmitters Suppress nerve action

Comparison of Mechanisms of Meth and Nicotine NICOTINE Mimics and thus replaces acetylcholine causing “pleasure center” in the brain to release dopamine. METH Floods nerve cell internally causing release of dopamine into the neural synapse.

EFFECTS OF METH Short term Increased attention/activity Decreased fatigue Euphoria and rush Increased autonomic activities (heart rate/respiratory rate) Long term Addiction Paranoia Hallucinations Mood swings Repetitive motor activity Weight loss

Long term animal research (20 years) shows that high doses of meth damage the cell ending (synaptic terminals) of dopamine and serotonin receptive neurons.

Meth backpack and Laurens County Meth bust.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute Holiday Lecture Series Exploring biodiversity: The Search For New Medicines. Viral Outbreak: The Science of Emerging Diseases. Free on DVD April 11 th