Folder #2 1. Vocab - Islam 2. Spread of Islam notes 3. Islam culture and society 4. Influence of Islam 5. Article: Mad Dream … 6. Map of Africa 7. (nada.

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Folder #2 1. Vocab - Islam 2. Spread of Islam notes 3. Islam culture and society 4. Influence of Islam 5. Article: Mad Dream … 6. Map of Africa 7. (nada !) 8. Ch. 7 notes (Africa) 9. Venn diagram (I have this!) 10. Test Review (turn in tomorrow!)

Warm-up: Monday Read the information on the slip of paper you received. Summarize what it says on your warm-up sheet.

Warm-up: Tuesday Write down 3 observations about this image.

Ch. 7: Early African Civilizations 2000 B.C. – A.D. 1500 How did trade and migration affect early African civilizations?

Geography Where is: Desert? Rainforest? Savanna?

What was the first African kingdom we learned about? Ancient Egypt !

Kush 1000 B.C. – A.D. 150 In 750 B.C., Kush conquered Egypt, but then pushed back to original lands In 663 B.C., Traded iron products, ivory, gold, ebony, slaves Lost power to Axum

Axum A.D. 100 - 1400 Traded ivory, frankincense, myrrh, slaves

Axum King Ezana made Christianity the official religion of Axum

These were major civilizations in Eastern Africa. In western Africa, several successful trade empires came about…

Ghana A.D. 400 - 1200 Prospered because they had: Iron. What could be made from iron ore? tools and weapons Gold.

Ghana Gold from West Africa was exchanged for something the West Africans prized even more: salt. What’s so special about salt? Salt was used as a flavoring a food preservative, retaining body moisture.

Trade How did these goods cross the desert and reach the Mediterranean and beyond? Nomadic peoples called Berbers used camel caravans to transport goods

“Ship of the Desert” In about 300 AD, the Arabian camel was brought to Africa and became the “ship of the desert.” The camel stores fat in its hump and water in its stomach, which allows it to travel up to ten days without fresh water—twice the distance of an ox or a horse. All of a sudden trade was much more dependable.

Camel Caravans Did they have overnight delivery?? Typical camel caravan: 100 camels, loaded with goods and supplies 3 mph 40 to 60 days

Salt Trade http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8394266. stm

Cultural Diffusion The first people to make the trek across the desert were the Berbers of North Africa, who brought their strict Islamic faith across the Sahara. The Berbers converted many of the merchants of West Africa to Islam.

Empires of Early Africa http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=25B6C88A-BE2A- 4B19-9C2B- 1C71AF9F0A4F&blnFromSearch=1&prod uctcode=US

Mali A.D. 1250 - 1450 Ghana flourished for several hundred years, but collapsed during the 1100s. Mali rose up in its place Built its wealth on the gold and salt trade Timbuktu = important trade city

Mali Mansa Musa was a rich and powerful king of Mali (mansa means “king”) He was a devout Muslim who encouraged the building of mosques and study of the Quran.

Songhai A.D. 1000 - 1600 Took control of Timbuktu and Jenne = gave them control of the trading empire

Societies in East Africa: Bantu migrations Bantu – farming peoples who spoke dialects of the Bantu language Near what river did the Bantu originate?

Bantu Migrations Why is iron important? There is little or no evidence of ironworking in eastern and southern Africa before the arrival of the Bantu = suggests that the new technology was spread by the Bantu.

Cultural diffusion in East Africa As time passed, a mixed African- Arabian culture formed called Swahili From sahel, meaning “coast” in Arabic = “people of the coast” Combined Bantu and Arabic words Today is the national language of Kenya and Tanzania

Culture Matrilineal – tracing lineage through the mother rather than the father Patrilineal- tracing lineage through the father

Culture What types of stories do you hear as you grow up?

Culture Griot (gree-oh) – special class of African storytellers Storytellers preserved African history with their tales because there was no written language.

Journal #3 You are the village Griot. You have realized that you have no one to follow in your footsteps. You have decided to record the history of your village . You may create a story, a rap, a poem. Use your notes! Talk with the people around you! You will earn extra credit if you perform for the class.

Video Clip: Jenne Mosque

African Society and Culture Lineage group – an extended family unit that has combined into a larger community (Extended family = parents, children, grandparents) Basic building blocks of African society. Members were expected to take care of eachother

Warm-up: Wednesday 1. What cultural traits spread to the West African kingdoms through trade? 2. How did the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai become prosperous?