Building Schools Watch video clip and answer questions How is Kaguri’s mission similar to Mortenson’s mission? – Approaches? Goals?

1. Where did most of the early trade routes begin?

Ancient Kingdoms Ghana – 700 AD – Gold for salt – Capital Kumbi Mali – Center was Timbuktu – Mansa Musa Songhai

European Colonization 1200s – Trade: word spread about wealth of African kingdoms to Europe Slave Trade – System already in place before 800s Kingdoms trade slaves Arab traders bought and sold slaves s: European Slave trade

Where did most slaves go? Effect of slave trade – 1. – 2.

Scramble for Africa Scramble for Africa Video clip

Colonization Continent = ATM machine – Source for raw materials – Market for manufactured goods Problems – Boundaries – Religion Disrupt traditional way of life – Change local economies Plantation economies

Independence: – Post World War II – Ethiopia – Liberia Always Ind.

Independence Most gain independence post 1945 Challenges: – New identities – Old eco system: meet Europe’s needs, not country – No model for democracy Rival ethnic groups struggle for power What other legacy? – Language – Infrastructure

Apartheid Video clip on Apartheid

South Africa British Colony – Originally settled by the Dutch: Boers – Small white majority left in charge (1910) Apartheid: – System of legal separation of races – School, work, medical care, etc How did it end?

1960s: South Africa’s eco is GREAT! 1970s: Protest grow 1980s: more protest, finally international community on board: Apartheid is a bad idea : President De Klerk negotiate with African National Congress (Nelson Mandela) – End with 1994 elections – Universal suffrage

End of Apartheid Video clip on Apartheid

Which countries have low population densities? What physical features account for this fact? Might these countries’ population patterns change in the future?

Conflict Minerals Child soldiers Hyperlinks for video clips

Rwanda: After the Genocide Congo: pictures Hyperlinks for video clips

Religious groups – Syncretism? ??

Religion Traditional Religions Animism: all entities are connected Connection with dead ancestors Respect for dead and other sprits important Coming of age rituals Offerings to ancestor Community led by powerful, spiritual leader

Chapter 21 section 3 Answer q’s pages: 518 (4,5); 524 (4); 529 (4,5) Cultural Features The ArtsLifestyles

How many different language groups are there? What is the largest language group?