Australopithecus garhi, 2.5 m.y.a., Ethiopia Turnbaugh, Jurmain, Kilgore, and Nelson, 8th ed., p. 235 Introduction to Early Hominid s

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103

note climactic change including the “Ice Age”

The Pleistocene is frequently referred to as the “Ice Age”

John E. Pfeiffer, The Emergence of Man, 4 th ed. (NY: Harper and Row, 1985), p Miocene Pleistocene Plocene

Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7 th ed., p. 327

Holocene Pleistocene

Australopithecines Homo habilis

Australopithecines... –including Paranthropus... (aka Australopithecus robustus) are also known as “Plio - Pleistocene hominids”

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103

Australopithecu s Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens

Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens “Moderns”

Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens Neandertals “Moderns”

Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens Pleistocene

Wűrm glacial Riss glacial Mindel glacial Gűnz glacial

Wisconsin glacial Illinoian glacial Kansan glacial Nebraskan glacial North American Terms

Weischel glacial Saale glacial Elster glacial

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103

Early Hominids Orrorin Ardipithecus Australopithecus Paranthropus tugenensis ramidus anamensis afarensis africanus garhi aethiopicus boisei robustus Genus Species

Video: Search for the First Human Week 07

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103 Plio-Pleistocene hominid = Australopithecus Orrorin

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103 Mio-Plio-Pleistocene hominid Plio-Pleistocene hominid = Australopithecus