Communication Skills: Medium for All Nursing Practice Chapter 6 Communication Skills: Medium for All Nursing Practice
Communication Therapeutic Communication -Essential in all settings of nursing care Communication Process -Process of receiving and sending messages -Stimulus: one person has need to communicate with another -Sender: person sending message initiates contact -Message: information expressed or sent -Media: how message is sent-hearing, visual, tactile, smell or combination -Receiver: person receiving the message, interprets and responds to sender by providing feedback
Nurse-patient interview Peplau principles guiding communication process -Clarity: ensures the meaning of message is accurately understood by both parties -Continuity: promotes connections among ideas and feelings, events, or themes conveyed in those ideas Factors that affect communication -Personal factors -Environmental factors -Relationship factors
Levels of communications -Verbal Communication Consists of words a person speaks Conveys beliefs, values, perceptions, meanings Words are culturally perceived -Nonverbal Communication Cues (physical appearance, facial expression, body posture, amt eye contact, eye cast, hand gestures, signs, fidgets and yawning Communication is 10% verbal and 90% nonverbal
Communication process Content congruent with process is healthy When verbal message is not reinforced by communicators actions , message is ambiguous, or double (mixed) message Double-bind message -Message sent to create meaning but also used to defensively to hide what is going on , create confusion and attack relatedness
Effective communication for nurses Goals -Feel understood and comfortable -Identify and explore problems relating to others -Healthy ways of meeting emotional needs -Experience satisfying interpersonal relationships Tools to communicate with pts -Silence -Active Listening -Clarifying Techniques
Nontherapeutic techniques Asking excessive questions -Closed ended questions -Lack of respect and sensitivity Giving approval or disapproval Advising -Rarely helpful Asking “why” questions -Imply criticism
Communication and cultures Goal -To formulate a therapeutic alliance Problematic areas for nurse interpretation of verbal and nonverbal messages of pt -Communication Styles -Eye Contact -Touch -Cultural Filters
Effective communication -Nurses knowing what to convey, communicating what is meant to pt and comprehending the meaning -Most effective when they use nonthreatening and open-ended communication techniques -Skill that develops over time and integral to establishment and maintenance of a therapeutic alliance