http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8 start at 49 seconds (3min)

KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u54bRpbSOgs 4min

A View of the Cell

Cellular Organization Tissue – group of cells functioning together. Organ – group of tissues Organ System – group of organs functioning together. Organism – group of organ systems functioning together.

Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.

The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. More was learned about cells as microscopes improved.

The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. More was learned about cells as microscopes improved. The cell theory is a unifying concept of biology.

The History of the Cell The Cell The basic unit of an organism Discovery made possible by the invention of the microscope

Microscopes and Cells 1600’s. Anton van Leeuwenhoek first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope.

Microscopes and Cells Robert Hooke used the first compound microscope to view thinly sliced cork cells. Compound scopes use a series of lenses to magnify in steps. Hooke was the first to use the term “cell”.

Microscopes and Cells 1830’s. Mathias Schleiden identified the first plant cells and concluded that all plants made of cells. - Thomas Schwann made the same conclusion about animal cells.

The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells. Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells.

The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells. Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Cell Theory: All organisms are made up of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms. All cells come from other cells all ready in existence.

COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

COMPARING CELLS The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane- bound organelles.

Two Basic Cell Types Prokaryote Lacks internal compartments. No true nucleus. Most are single-celled (unicellular) organisms. Examples: bacteria

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics. Cells tend to be microscopic. All cells are enclosed by a membrane. All cells are filled with cytoplasm. cell membrane Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) cytoplasm

Prokaryote Were here first & for billions of years the only living thing on Earth Reproduces only through asexual methods

Prokaryotic Cells (proh KAYR ee yah tihk) cells without membrane-bound structures EX: bacteria pond scum

Story Time Mr. P (Phagocyte) + Mr. B (bacterium) = Mitochondria + =

Phagocyte

Eukaryotic Cells (yew KAYR ee yah tihk) cells with membrane-bound structures EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell Boundaries Plasma Membrane -- Serves as a boundary between the cell and its external environment. -- Allows materials to pass in and out of the cell.

Animal Cell

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information.

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell: Controls Nucleus Regulates cell function. Surrounded by a double-layered membrane (nuclear enveloped) with large pores that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus. Contains chromatin – long tangles of DNA. Left cell nucleus is undergoing mitosis-nucleus has disintegated to prepare for division

Controls Nucleolus Found in the nucleus and responsible for ribosome production. Ribosomes are the sites of protein production.

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell: Assembly Cytoplasm The jelly-like material that surrounds the organelles.

CELL WALL protects the cell gives shape is made of cellulose A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria.

CELL MEMBRANE Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE separates nucleus from cytoplasm controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus

NUCLEOLUS Aka “little nucleus” Found in the nucleus

CHROMATIN contains genetic code that controls cell made of DNA & proteins

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell: Transport Endoplasmic reticulum Folded membrane that acts as the cells delivery system Smooth E.R. contains enzymes for lipid synthesis Rough E.R. is studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. rough endoplasmic reticulum

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Transport Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body) A series of flattened sacs where newly made lipids and proteins from the E.R. are repackaged and shipped to the plasma membrane.

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell: Storage Vacuoles A sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane used to store food, fluid, or waste products.

Other organelles have various functions. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.

Storage Lysosomes Contain a digestive enzyme. Can fuse with vacuoles to digest food, or can digest worn cell parts. Also known as “suicide sacs” because they can also destroy the whole cell.

Other organelles have various functions. Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.. Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.

Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell: Energy Transformers Mitochondria Produce the energy for the cell. Also known as the “powerhouse of the cell”. Has a highly folded inner membrane (cristae).

6) Energy Transformers Chloroplasts -- Found in plant cells and some protists. -- Transforms light energy into chemical energy which is stored in food molecules. -- Contain chlorophyll – a green pigment that traps light energy and gives plants their green color.

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell: Support Cytoskeleton A network of thin, fibrous materials that act as a scaffold and support the organelles. Microtubules – hollow filaments of protein. Microfilaments – solid filaments of protein.

Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. supports and shapes cell helps position and transport organelles provides strength assists in cell division aids in cell movement

CYTOSKELETON scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm helps the cell maintain or change its shape made of protein

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell: Locomotion Cilia Short, numerous, hair-like projections from the plasma membrane. Move with a coordinated beating action.

Locomotion Flagella Longer, less numerous projections from the plasma membrane that move with a whiplike action.

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell: Cell Division Centrioles made of protein. play a role in the splitting of the cell into two cells. found in animal and fungi cells.

Other organelles have various functions. Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. Centrioles help divide DNA. Centrioles form cilia and flagella.

Composite Animal Cell Flagella nucleolus Nucleus Chromosomes Ribosomes Endoplasic reticulum Microtuble Mitochondrion Picture adapted from Access Excellence’ rescource center: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/ Golgi apparatus Centrioles Cillia Composite Animal Cell

Teachers: you may want to print out this diagram, photocopy it for each student and have them fill in the blanks as you go through this presentation. Composite Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. A cell wall provides rigid support.

Boundaries Cell Wall --surrounds the plasma membrane of the cells in plans, bacteria, and fungi. --plant cell walls contain cellulose while fungi cell walls contain chitin.

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. A cell wall provides rigid support. Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.