HVACR116 – Trade Skills Fundamentals of Electricity

ATOMS ARE MADE UP OF PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS P N ELECTRON

PROTONS POSITIVE + NEUTRONS NEUTRAL 0 ELECTRONS NEGATIVE - P ELECTRON + N 0 -

ELECTRONS ORBIT AROUND THE PROTON AND NEUTRON NEGATIVE in CHARGE P ELECTRON +0 - N

THE ELECTRON IS IN CONSTANT ORBIT AROUND THE PROTON AND NEUTRON P N

A GREATER ENERGY FORCE EXISTS ON ONE SIDE OF THE ELECTRON THAN THE OTHER CAUSING MOVEMENT P N ACTION FORCE

THE ELECTRON PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS P N

HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLES CAN BE USED TO UNDERSTAND ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES P1P2 U-TUBE MANOMETER

PRESSURE DIFFERENCE = FLOW P1P2 U-TUBE MANOMETER

VOLTAGE = ELECTRICAL PRESSURE P1P2 U-TUBE MANOMETER

P1 > P2 = RIGHTWARD FLOW P1P2 FLOW

P2 > P1 = LEFTWARD FLOW P1P2 FLOW

PRESSURE DIFFERENCE DETERMINES FLOW RATE P1P2 U-TUBE MANOMETER

THE GREATER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE GREATER THE FLOW RATE P1P2 FLOW 120 PSI0 PSI

THE SMALLER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE LOWER THE FLOW RATE P1P2 FLOW 120 PSI24 PSI

THE SMALLER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE LOWER THE FLOW RATE P1P2 FLOW 120 PSI100 PSI

0 PRESSURE DIFFERENCE = 0 FLOW RATE P1P2 NO FLOW 120 PSI

VOLTAGE RESULTS WHEN THERE IS AN ABUNDANCE OF ELECTRONS APPEARING ON ONE SIDE OF AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT COMPARED TO THE OTHER MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN HERE

ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE (PRESSURE) IS GREATER ON THE LEFT SIDE THAN ON THE RIGHT MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN HERE

BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL, ELECTRONS WILL MOVE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN HERE FLOW

BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL, ELECTRONS WILL MOVE FROM RIGHT TO LEFT P2 IS AT GREATER PRESSURE THAN P1 P1P2 FLOW

BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL BEING ZERO (NO PRESSURE DIFFERENCE) THERE WILL BE NO FLOW OF ELECTRONS P1P2 P1 HAS THE SAME ELECTRONS AS P2

VOLTAGE : THE FORCE THAT MOVES ELECTRONS THROUGH AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE IS THE FORCE THAT MOVES ELECTRONS THROUGH AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL PRESSURE EMF (electro-motive force)

P N P N P N P N THE ELECTRON PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

P N P N P N P N FORCE IS APPLIED TO ONE ELECTRON FORCE

P N P N P N P N ELECTRON IS KNOCKED OUT OF ORBIT AND INTO THE NEXT ELECTRON

P N P N P N P N WHICH IS KNOCKED OUT OF IT’S ORBIT INTO THE NEXT ELECTRON

P N P N P N P N

P N P N P N P N

P N P N P N P N ELECTRICAL CURRENT FLOW OF ELECTRONS

P N P N P N P N ELECTRICAL CURRENT FLOW OF ELECTRONS

P N P N P N P N AMPERAGE ELECTRICAL CURRENT

ELECTRICAL VALUES & SYMBOLS

,000 1,000,000 1 millionth 1 thousandth Thousand 1 Million micro milli 1.0 Kilo Mega  m 1.0 K M SI UNITS

1K = 1, K = 500 5K = K = 100,000 1M = 1,000, M = 500,000 5M = 5,000, M - 100,000,000 THOUSAND MILLION

SI UNITS 1m = m = m = m =   =  =  =  = THOUSANDTH MILLIONTH

E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE OHM’s LAW FORMULA

E = VOLTAGE = PRESSURE I = CURRENT = FLOW R = RESISTANCE = RESISTANCE OHM’s LAW FORMULA

E = CURRENT X RESISTANCE I = VOLTAGE / RESISTANCE R = VOLTAGE / CURRENT OHM’s LAW FORMULA

E R I E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE

E R I VOLTS = CURRENT X RESISTANCE E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE

E R I CURRENT = VOLTS / RESISTANCE E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE

E R I RESISTANCE = VOLTS / CURRENT E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE

E = CURRENT X RESISTANCE I = VOLTAGE / RESISTANCE R = VOLTAGE / CURRENT OHM’s LAW FORMULA

E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE P = POWER WATTAGE FORMULA

E = VOLTAGE = PRESSURE I = CURRENT = FLOW R = RESISTANCE = RESISTANCE P = POWER WATTAGE FORMULA

P = VOLTS X CURRENT P = VOLTS P = CURRENT 2 / RESISTANCE 2 X RESISTANCE