HOW SHOULD AMERICA ENGAGE THE WORLD? THE BIG AND RECURRING QUESTIONS Unilateralism versus multilateralism? – When should the US go it alone? – Whose support counts (democracies, global power, the “global community”)? How much power and militarism? – How much power should we seek and in what form? – When and how much force should be used? – How moral do we have to be using force? How much intervention. Is it ok to get involved into the domestic affairs of other sovereign states? When?

HOW SHOULD AMERICA ENGAGE THE WORLD? THE BIG AND RECURRING QUESTIONS Is America both different and better? Is our system better than everyone elses and what does it mean for USFP if we assume this? When should the United States take the lead in addressing intl. problems? Which priorities should drive USFP? Our security and needs (realism), human rights, IGOs (i.e., making global institutions work better)., or utilitarianism (whatever is best for the most people)? Geography: Should USFP have different rules for different places? Should our scope be global or should we just care about some places?

WHAT ARE THE MAIN PARADIGMS? Your worldview impacts your reality, your values, & your givens. Cultures and peoples have collective world views…and sometimes they have several, even contradictory, paradigms Where do our individual USFP paradigm preferences come from? How fixed are they?

WHAT ARE THE MAIN PARADIGMS? The logic of isolationism: America is unique, blessed, and shouldn’t get involved with the world except when it absolutely must. – Who believes this? G. Washington and many contemporary libertarians. – Why did I assign Robert Kagan’s article? The logic of realism: America must act in its own interests and just like any other state because it is a violent world that has no overarching set of rules or power. – Who believes this? Richard Nixon, GHW Bush, Kagan, Hilliary Clinton

WHAT ARE THE MAIN PARADIGMS? The logic of moralism (aka liberalism). There are universal truths and countries will discover them if given the opportunity and led by other moral, democratic states – Who believes this? Bill Clinton & GW Bush The logic of multilateralism (aka liberal internationalism or liberal institutionalism): States will avoid conflict, protect human rights, and engage in democracy and capitalism if international institutions are build that incentivize this kind of behavior. – Who believe this? W. Wilson, Colin Powell, B. Obama(?)

WHAT ARE THE MAIN PARADIGMS? The logic of radical anti-imperialism: USFP has always been about advancing the interests of capitalism, industry, and corporations, all of which are dangerous to everyone – Who believes this? Noam Chomsky, “communists,” war activists

PAX CORELONE: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE CORE ASSUMPTIONS OF THE 3 DOMINANT PARADIGMS Tom Hagen (liberal institutionalism) Believes that USFP should see to preserve the intl. system that favors the current hegemon (US) so that everyone can benefit from stability and a set of relatively just and predictable rules. The US should negotiate from reason (preferring diplomacy): Everyone will go along with this because they prefer the status quo over uncertainty and intl. anarchy The US should always respect sovereignty of others and build coalitions, because these are core intl. rules. US should lead, but by example and merit

PAX CORELONE: 3 PARADIGMS Sonny (Does he represent just neo-conservatism, or Republicans views as suggested? No he represents one version of moralism/liberalism that stresses eliminating all competitors to our political and economic system) Why does Sonny think that it’s better to shoot first and ask questions later? – Force is for demonstration effect: All challengers must be put in their place or all hell will break loose – Negotiation = time, and time only lets them get stronger and makes you look weaker – We’re better than other people, so we should ignore our allies if necessary

PAX CORELONE: 3 PARADIGMS Michael (Realism) The ends justify the means, and it’s ok to use different tactics- -force with some and alliances with others—to achieve one’s strategic goals. Force and diplomacy are two sides of the same coin in a world where some parts are unstable and others aren’t. You absolutely need allies, but you select them on the basis of a real reading of power. That’s what they do. Understand that power is always in flux and you need to go with the flow while working it to your advantage. If you don’t change and deal with challengers, you won’t stay on top.