Chapter 12: The World War I Era V. Global Peacemaker

Bell Ringer At what cost peace? – explain this?

Objectives Discover the expectations that Wilson and the Allies brought to the Paris peace conference. Learn about the important provisions of the peace treaty. Find out how the federal government and ordinary Americans reacted to the end of the war.

A) Setting the Scene Wilson idealistic 24)Fourteen Points: Wilson’s peace proposal in 1918 for a postwar European peace 25)Self-determination: country’s power to make decisions about one’s own future. End secret alliances, no trade barriers, reduce military, and allow ethnic populations to determine their own future

B) The Paris Peace Conference Wilson treated as conquering hero (at first) Senate controlled by Republicans – brought 1 with his delegation Wilson forced to Compromise – allowed allies (UK, France, Italy) to take over Germany’s colonies – no self determination 26)League of Nations: organization in which the nations of the world would join together to ensure security and peace for all its members. Article 10: teeth of the League – an attack on one is an attack on all – Republicans hated it, could drag us into war.

C) The Peace Treaty French wanted harsh penalties against Germany – US objected – passed anyway Redrawing the Map of Europe: New countries were created – impossible to have clean ethnic divisions Ottoman Empire became Turkey – UK got Palestine – France got Syria Italy got nothing – Orlando forced to resign

War Guilt and Reparations: French and British wanted Germany to admit they started war and pay money to Allies Wilson thought it was humiliating to Germany – they never forgot 27)reparations: payment for economic injury in war – 33 billion 28)Versailles Treaty: ended WWI – Germany forced to sign it.

D) Reactions at Home Irreconciables – would not ever sign treaty Reservationists – would sign if US allowed to keep Monroe Doctrine Wilson barnstormed the country to gather support – stroke – invalid Wilson vetoed separate peace treaty, next Harding signed it. (1920) US big power – disregards it and focuses on home Economy suffers – government contracts cancelled – no program to integrate troops – women fired to give them jobsEconomy suffers

Review What expectation did Wilson and the Allies bring to the Paris Peace Conference? What were the important provisions of the peace treaty? How did the federal government and ordinary Americans react to the end of war?