PLYMOUTH TO PENNSYLVANIA Settling the Northern Colonies
Protestant Reformation Martin Luther 95 Theses Church needs to reform Began Protestantism John Calvin People are evil No free will Some are predestined to be saved
Protestants Catholics Bible No Free Will Simple Church Pope Free Will Elaborate Church
Puritans Separatists Purify Church from the Inside Church Too Corrupt Leave and establish a PURE church somewhere else
Mayflower Decide to leave Netherlands Why? Mayflower/Speedwell
Mayflower Compact Agreement to create a gov’t based on the will of the majority.
Pilgrims and Indians 1 st Winter- Half of Colonists Die Squanto- Indian who helps colonists 1 st Thanksgiving (1620)
Mass. Bay Colony 1629 King Charles I persecutes Puritans Great Migration- 70,000 Puritans move to Mass.
Religion and Mass. Theocracy Only male members of the Church could vote Education for all Strict Life Godly Life Public Punishment Drama/ Gambling/ Drunkenness forbidden (Excesses) Children’s behavior dictated mother’s salvation
John Winthrop “City Upon a Hill” American Exceptionalism
Women Equal before God, but lesser in society Still had more rights than women in Europe Could inherit property/ Sit on juries This was due more to the number of people in Plymouth than to anything else Family 1:5 Women died in Childbirth 12% Infant Mortality 9 children per family Life Expectancy- Men 69/ Women 50
Children Children were seen as the embodiment of original sin Corporal Punishment Age 8- Began learning a trade (No adolescence) Age 16- Males became militiamen Almost all could read (In order to read the Bible)
Anne Hutchinson Antinomian Heresy Expelled from Mass. Bay Roger Williams Separation of Church and State Thought Indians owned land Banished to RI
Half-way Covenant Unconverted children can be baptized but not admitted into full communion
Salem Witch Trials killed for witchcraft/ 2 dogs Spectral Evidence Witchcake Personas Sarah Good Tituba
Causes Religion Socio-Economic Teenage Boredom Mass Hysteria Drugs
Rhode Island Colony Settled 1636 “Sewer of New England” Religious Tolerance No slavery or corp. punish.
Connecticut Colony 1633 Established as a Puritan retreat 1636 Thomas Hooker leads Puritans from Boston Thought all land owning man should vote/ Not just church members 1638 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1 st Constitution in the Americas Universal male suffrage
Pequot War
Causes Result of Dutch-English rivalry over fur trade Battles Mystic Massacre- Puritans burn an Indian town with 700 women and children Results Pequots sold into slavery Lands given to colonists Name expunged
New England Confederation Formed as a result of Pequot War Mass. Bay Colony, Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven Each colony received 2 votes Stayed neutral during Anglo-Dutch Wars
King Philip’s War King Philip unites tribes to drive out English Dozens of towns burned (Plymouth, Providence) Thousands killed, tortured, and captured Colonists pushed to the coast Sea supplies flow in from the South, turn the tide Philip captured, and his head put on display in Plymouth
Results Captivity Narratives 85% of Natives and 45% of English killed Natives permanently broken in New England
Dominion of New England Edmund Andros English government seizes colonies Puritan hold broken on Mass. (Anglican Church) Plymouth forced to join Mass. Bay Colony New Hampshire created Charter Oak
Glorious Revolution in England 1688 William of Orange (Protestant) invades England Overthrows King James II (Catholic)
English Bill of Rights (1689) Freedom of speech Right to property, assemble, bear arms, trial, jury, no harsh punishment or excessive bail Parliament taxes, NOT King Citizens who own land can vote for Parliament
Reaction in America Mob chases out Andros Salutary Neglect Royal Colonies
New Netherlands Dutch West India Company 1623 New Netherlands Fur Trading New Amsterdam Bought for $24 Peter Stuyvesant English capture New Netherlands
New Jersey Swedes settle along Delaware River Dutch settle Bergen County English seize area Berkeley and Carteret East and West Jersey Quakers purchase East and West Jersey NJ combined as a royal colony
Pennsylvania William Penn and Society of Friends were granted Pennsylvania Religious Freedom Peace with Indians Blue Laws