1 CM 220 Unit #4 Seminar Dr. Tina M. Serafini General Education, Composition Kaplan University

Seminar Agenda: –Overview of the Unit #4 Assignments –Identifying Reliable Sources –How to use your Sources? –APA Citations when using Resources –Ceil Pillsbury Article 2

Unit #4 Summary of Assignments… Reading: Introduction to unit; The Kaplan Guide to Successful Writing, chapters 11-12; Ceil Pillsbury article Quiz: Interactive quiz on plagiarism, citation, paraphrasing/quoting/summarizing Invention Lab: Find a credible research article related to your big idea, write an APA citation for that source, and paraphrase a key point from the article. Seminar: Review of APA citation and paraphrasing, discussion of Ceil Pillsbury article Project: Pre-interview worksheet and comparison/contrast of 2-3 sources relating to and challenging your big idea 3

Finding Credible Sources… Library databases Online journals Googlescholar.com Look for sources with known authors, reputable publishers, cited sources Always verify information Avoid wikipedia.com and other questionable sources 4

Using those Sources… Remember, sources help YOU to defend YOUR ideas! –That means you should first begin with YOUR ideas. –Consider drafting without any sources and then adding sources to help defend, develop and explore your ideas. Avoid simply cutting and pasting information from sources. Do not fill your papers with source information ‘for the sake of filling up space’—use information that is directly relevant to your argument. If it is not relevant, do not use it! Interact with and analyze source information 5

3 Ways to Use Sources… Quote Summarize Paraphrase LIMIT the use of quotes. –Increase the originality of your paper by TRANSLATING the information from the sources into your own language. 6

What is Paraphrasing? 7

What is paraphrasing? Taking source ideas and translating them into your own language, vocabulary, and sentence structure The source’s meaning and ideas are not changed –Paraphrasing does not simply change a few words. –A paraphrase is usually much shorter than the original source. 8

How to Paraphrase… Decide where you need to include source information in your writing. Locate the source that best helps you to defend, develop or clarify your ideas Read the source WITHOUT having your paper open. This helps you to avoid cutting and pasting. Read the source until you understand it and can explain it to others without having the source open. Close your source. Open your paper. Insert the source information where you need it, in your own words. Compare the paraphrase to the original, changing any accidental cutting and pasting to your own words. –Cite Your Source(s)! 9

Practice Paraphrasing… How would you paraphrase this source? So That Nobody Has to go to School if They Don’t Want To, by Roger Sipher A decline in standardized test scores is but the most recent indicator that American education is in trouble. One reason for the crisis is that present mandatory-attendance laws force many to attend school who have no wish to be there. Such children have little desire to learn and are so antagonistic to school that neither they nor more highly motivated students receive the quality education that is the birthright of every American. The solution to this problem is simple: Abolish compulsory-attendance laws and allow only those who are committed to getting an education to attend. 10

Citing those Sources… Giving credit to sources helps to build credibility. Show your readers you are honest. Give reader necessary information to find sources and do further research Giving credit helps avoid issues with plagiarism. No matter how you use the source, whether quoted, paraphrased or summarized, it must be cited. List sources alphabetically in the References page. Cite within the paper where you use these sources- show WHICH sources have been used, WHERE, and to WHAT EXTENT by using IN TEXT CITATIONS. 11

What Is APA Formatting? 12

What Is APA Formatting? American Psychological Association Standard for writing that is widely used by writers in the social sciences, education, business and psychology. Kaplan courses require you use it. Guides the layout of the document Requires parenthetical citations in the body of the essay Uses a reference page with full citations for each source cited in-text Exception: Interviews or other personal communications that cannot be retrieved are only cited in-text 13

APA—6 th Edition… New edition—number 6--has some slight differences from the 5 th edition The Writing Center has posted new documents that reflect these changes Main changes: 1.DOI 2.Spacing after periods (2 instead of 1) 3.Title page 14

Document Formatting and Title Page… Title page: include title of project, author, institution, course, instructor, and due date Double-space and center information on title page Include header and page number in upper right- hand corner Document should be in 12 pt. font (usually Times New Roman), double-spaced, header/page number on each page, first line of each paragraph indented one tab space. Use left justification. Put title on first line of page 2. 15

Example Title Page Running head: LEGALIZING MARIJUANA 4 Legalizing Marijuana Kate Smith Kaplan University CM Professor Thompson April 14,

Class Field Trip—Formatting and Title Page… For a Video Showing ‘How to Format Your Paper and Title Page,’ please review: olders/Jing/media/50487d db4- a96c-ee7cb86ba03c 17

In-Text Citations & Examples… Requires Two or Three Pieces of Information:  Author’s last name  Year  Page or paragraph number (required for direct quotes only & ) Examples: (Thompson, 2007) (Thompson, 2007, p. 345) OR (Thompson, 2007, ¶ 4) A survey by the Census Bureau indicates that half of American households have a computer (Thompson, 2007). According to Thompson (2007), “50 percent of the population have computers” (p. 345). 18

In-Text Citations Without an Author… Many sources do not have a cited author. Websites, for example, often use a CORPORATE AUTHOR (CDC, USDA). If no individual author is listed, cite by the CORPORATE AUTHOR (CDC, 2008) or if no corporate author is listed, by the title of the article or page you are using (New Technologies in the Workplace, 2009). 19

References Page Formatting… Start on a new page, titled Reference(s), centered in upper- and lowercase letters. Include a page header and page number in the upper right-hand corner. Alphabetize by author’s last name. Double-space throughout. Use a hanging indent (1st line of each entry flush left, indent subsequent lines 5-7 spaces). Match with in-text citations. Italicize titles of books and periodicals. 20

Sample References Page… Roll the credits 5 References About APA style. (2006). Retrieved January 2, 2007, from APA Web site: Landau, J., Druen, P., & Arcuri, J. (2002). Methods for helping students avoid plagiarism. Teaching of Psychology, 29(2), Retrieved January 2, 2007, from Academic Search Premier. Segal, C. (2006). Copy this. Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(4), Retrieved December 22, 2006, from Professional Development Collection. What you need to know about plagiarism. (2006). Retrieved December 22, 2006, from Kaplan University: Villano, M. (2006). Taking the work out of homework. T H E Journal, 33(15), Retrieved January 2, 2007, from Professional Development Collection. 21

APA 6 th Edition and DOI… Use DOI (Digital Object Identifier) instead of retrieval date and database for information obtained electronically (library database, for example) or online –DOI – “a unique alphanumeric string assigned to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. –The DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article near the copyright notice. –When a DOI is used in your citation, no other retrieval information is needed” (Trexler Library, 2010, p. 3). 22

Common Source Types… Books Journal articles Magazine articles Newspaper articles Web sites Interviews Speeches Remember, each source has a specific formatting style! 23

Book With One Author… Maslow, A.H. (1974). Toward a psychology of being. Princeton: Van Nostrand. General Format: Author. (Publication year). Title. City of publication: publishing company. In-Text Citation: (Maslow, 1974). 24

Journal Article… Miller, W. (1969). Violent crimes in city gangs. Journal of Social Issues, 21(10), General Format: Author. (year of publication). Title of article. Journal name, volume #(issue #), page number(s). In-Text Citation: (Miller, 1969). 25

Magazine Article… McCurdy, H.G. (1983, June). Brain mechanisms and intelligence. Psychology Today, 46, General Format: Author’s name. (year/month of publication). Article title. Magazine Name, volume #, page number(s). In-Text Citation: (McCurdy, 1983). 26

Newspaper Article… James, W.R. (1993, November 16). The uninsured and health care. Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A14. General Format: Author’s name. (Publication date). Article title. Newspaper name, page # and section. In-Text Citation: (James, 1993). 27

Internet Source-Author Known… Lynch, T., Smith, J., & White, M. (1996). DS9 trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved October 8, 2009, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club Web site: 03r.html. 03r.html IN TEXT CITATION: (Lynch, Smith, & White, 1996). Please note that APA has changed its rule with RETRIEVAL DATE. In general, if a source is apt to change, a Retrieval date is required. 28

Internet Source-Author and Date Unknown… The Stratocaster appreciation page. (n.d.). Retrieved July 27, 2009, from In-Text Citation: (The Stratocaster appreciation page, n.d.). 29

What is Plagiarism? 30

What is Plagiarism? 31

Avoiding Plagiarism… What is PLAGIARISM and HOW do you avoid it? WHY is this PLAGIARISM (example): Children being the future investors of capitalism force advertisement to work hard in order to remain one step ahead of it’s competitor and the consumer. Recognizing that brand loyalty and consumer habits are formed when children are young, advertisers spend 100s of billions of dollars a year worldwide encouraging, persuading, and manipulating people into a consumer lifestyle that has devastating consequences for the environment through its extravagance and wastefulness. (beder.uow.edu.au). 32

Plagiarism Workshop… Original Source: “One of the most damaging consequences of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to perceive normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems. It’s understandable to wish we weighed a little more or less, had better developed muscles, and never had pimples or cramps. What is neither reasonable nor healthy, however, is to regard healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. Yet this is precisely the negative self-image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men.” Wood, Julia T. Our Body, Our Image: How the Media Hurts Our Sense of Self. New York: Longman,

Plagiarism Workshop…(continued) Is this plagiarism of that source? STUDENT VERSION ONE: A damaging consequence of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to think of normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems. It’s totally understandable to wish we weighed a little more or less, had bigger muscles, and never had pimples or cramps. What is neither reasonable nor healthy, however, is to think of healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. But this is precisely the negative self-image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men. 34

Plagiarism Workshop…(continued) Is this plagiarism of that source? STUDENT VERSION TWO: A damaging consequence of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to think of normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems. It’s totally understandable to wish we weighed a little more or less, had bigger muscles, and never had pimples or cramps. What is neither reasonable nor healthy, however, is to think of healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. But this is precisely the negative self-image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men (Wood) 35

Plagiarism Workshop…(continued) Is this plagiarism? STUDENT VERSION THREE: A damaging consequence of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to think of normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems. As Julia T. Wood points out, “It’s understandable to wish we weighed a little more or less, had better developed muscles, and never had pimples or cramps“ (300). What is neither reasonable nor healthy, however, is to think of healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. But this is “precisely the negative self-image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men” (Wood 300). 36

Plagiarism Workshop…(continued) Is this plagiarism? STUDENT VERSION FOUR: A casual glance at any fashion magazine makes the point—we need to weigh less, have clearer skin, larger breasts if we are women, and more hair if we are men. As Julia T. Wood points out, media images “encourage us to perceive normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems” (1998, p. 300). This media-generated perception--that our perfectly normal bodies must be altered to be acceptable--is changing how we perceive our own bodies and negatively impacting our society (Wood, 1998). 37

Unit #5…Upcoming Highlights! The Unit #5 seminar will focus on: – Methods of Organizing Ideas – Supporting Your Ideas – Purpose and Audience – Discuss Effectiveness of Letters 38

Thank you for Attending this Weeks Seminar! Good night! 39