METEOROLOGY EXAMPLE LESSON SLIDES SIMPLY .... FOR ‘YACHTIES’ MOUSE CLICK TO ADVANCE SIMPLY .... FOR ‘YACHTIES’

What you are about to see is a small selection of sample lesson slides from a selection of the eight lessons on the ‘Meteorology ... Simply for Yachties’ CD. On this demonstration disc, the slides under each lesson title do not necessarily follow any specific order and there are many other linking slide animations that are not show that normally provide the lesson with the ‘flow’ that is not immediately apparent in this demonstration. Naturally, the full version has all the links and ‘flow’ necessary to understand and absorb the topic in question.  At each stage during viewing, allow the animation to run for a couple of seconds before using the mouse button or scroll wheel to move on. On the full version CD, each lesson has a self testing interactive quiz at the end of the lesson. An example is also given on this disc.   The full version of the ‘Meteorology .... Simply for Yachties’ CD is made up of well over 370 animated lesson slides covering all 8 lesson topics. Let’s now have a look at some of the lesson slides .......

THE ATMOSPHERE

TROPOSPHERE SURFACE - 11 KM THE LAYERS IONOSPHERE (SPACE) MESOPAUSE STRATOPAUSE MESOSPHERE 30 - 80 KM TROPOPAUSE STRATOSPHERE11 - 30 KM TROPOSPHERE SURFACE - 11 KM

THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERE FOR COMPARISON PURPOSES, THE TROPOSHERE (ATMOSPHERE) IS GIVEN A SET SERIES OF PARAMETERS NORTH POLE IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS +15°C AND THAT TEMPERATURE DECREASES WITH HEIGHT BY APPROX 2°C PER 1000 FT. AT THE TROPOPAUSE, (AVERAGE HEIGHT 36,090 FT), IT REMAINS CONSTANT AT –56•5°C, DESPITE ANY FURTHER INCREASE IN DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH AT THE EARTHS SURFACE, IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE STANDARD PRESSURE IS 1013•25 HECTOR PASCALS (hPa) AND PRESSURE REDUCES WITH HEIGHT BY ROUGHLY ONE hPa PER 30 FT IN THE LOWER LEVELS EQUATOR

THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERE - 56.5° C NEAR ZERO hPa TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE REDUCES BY APPROX 2° C PER 1000 FT REDUCES BY ROUGHLY 1 hPa PER 30 FT IN LOWER LEVELS SEA LEVEL PRESSURE 1013.25 hPa +15° C 1013.25 SURFACE TEMP +15°C

MEASURED ACTUAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE ALTITUDE - TEMPERATURE + INVERSION THE ACTUAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE IS MEASURED FREQUENTLY BY SENDING UP A WEATHER BALLOON, AND CAN BE A MIX OF ALL THREE LAPSE RATES ISOTHERMAL STANDARD

HOW WILL BE EXPLAINED LATER! PARCEL FALLS TO SURFACE STABILITY IMAGINE A PARCEL OF DRY AIR AT THE SURFACE ALTITUDE - TEMPERATURE +  HOW WILL BE EXPLAINED LATER! DRY AIR IS LIFTED OR RISES COOLS AT 3°C/1000’ (DALR) DALR ELR IF COLDER THAN SURROUNDING AIR (ELR) AND ONCE LIFT IS CUT OFF THE PARCEL IS DENSER THAN THE SURROUNDING AIR PARCEL FALLS TO SURFACE AIR IS STABLE

LAYERED CLOUD TYPES TYPE CODE SHAPE HEIGHT MAKEUP WEATHER CIRRUS CI SCWD = SUPER COOLED WATER DROPS TYPE CODE SHAPE HEIGHT MAKEUP WEATHER 20,000’ PLUS ICE CRYSTALS MAY SHOW START OF APPROACHING FRONT CIRRUS CI WISPY PATCHES FLAKES, OR RIPPLES CIRRO CUMULUS 20,000’ PLUS ICE CRYSTALS NIL CC CIRRO STRATUS ICE CRYSTALS 20,000’ PLUS CS VEIL APPROACHING FRONT ? 7,000’ TO 20,000’ ALTO CUMULUS MANY SMALL LENTILS SCWD 0º TO -10º SCWD + CRYSTALS BELOW -10º NIL AC

ALTOCUMULUS CASTALANUS UPPER SHAPE LIKE CASTELLATED BATTLEMENTS OF A FORTRESS ALTOCUMULUS CASTALANUS

FORCES CONTROLLING WIND ONCE THE GEOSTROPHIC WIND BEGINS TO FLOW, THE GEOSTROPHIC FORCE ALWAYS ACTS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO IT AND IS PROPORTIONAL TO ITS SPEED THE PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE STILL ACTS ACROSS THE ISOBARS FROM HIGH TO LOW PRESSURE IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, THE RESULTANT GEOSTROPHIC WIND IS PROGRESSIVELY DEFLECTED RIGHT, TOWARDS THE ISOBARS THIS PROCESS CONTINUES UNTIL THE PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE AND GEOSTROPHIC FORCE OPPOSE EACH OTHER

WIND FLOW LOW PRESSURE PGF PGF PGF GW GW PGF GW GF GF GF GF 90° GF PGF 90° GW 90° GF GF HIGH PRESSURE

OROGRAPHIC (AIR FORCED UP OVER HILLS) SOLAR HEATING AND CONDUCTION TRIGGER ACTION ANY METHOD THAT ASSISTS AND LIFTS AIR ABOVE THE SURFACE CAN PROVIDE THIS ‘TRIGGER’ THERE ARE THREE MAIN ‘TRIGGERS’ THAT START AIR MOVING VERTICALLY UPWARDS OROGRAPHIC (AIR FORCED UP OVER HILLS) SOLAR HEATING AND CONDUCTION FRONTAL LIFTING ANY ONE OR A COMBINATION OF THESE MAY START THE BUILDING PHASE OF A THUNDERSTORM

DO YOU REMEMBER THIS GRAPH OF ABSOLUTE INSTABILITY? TROPOPAUSE ALTITUDE - TEMPERATURE + BOTH SATURATED AND DRY AIR IS ALWAYS WARMER THAN THE ENVIRONMENT AT ANY LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE ‘LIFTED’ AIR WILL CONTINUE TO RISE UNTIL IT REACHES THE TROPOPAUSE THIS IS TOTAL AND ABSOLUTE INSTABILITY AND IS THE ‘ENGINE ROOM’ FOR DEVELOPING MAJOR THUNDERSTORMS

THE BUILDING PHASE INSTABILITY LEADING TO POWERFUL VERTICAL MOTION AIR IS DRAWN IN FROM SIDES AND BASE

SELF TESTING TIME THE ATMOSPHERE CLICK HERE TO SKIP SELF TEST OR END THE ATMOSPHERE AT THE END OF EACH LESSON ON THE ‘MET ....... SIMPLY FOR YACHTIES’ CD THERE IS A SELF TESTING INTERACTIVE QUIZ A SMALL NUMBER OF TYPICAL EXAMPLE QUESTIONS ARE SHOWN BELOW HAVE A GO BY MOVING THE MOUSE OVER YOUR ANSWER AND CLICKING WHAT IS THE HEIGHT OF THE TROPOPAUSE OVER THE EQUATOR ? 52,000 FT CORRECT 26,000 FT WRONG 36090 FT WRONG WHAT IS THE ISA STANDARD TEMPERATURE AT THE SURFACE ? + 12° C WRONG + 15° C CORRECT + 18° C WRONG WHAT IS THE DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE ? 3° / 1000’ CORRECT 1•5° / 1000’ WRONG 2° / 1000’ WRONG

© Copywrite 2007. All Rights Reserved METEOROLOGY THE DEMONSTRATION SLIDES THAT WERE SHOWN WERE NOT IN ANY PARTICULAR ORDER YOU HAVE JUST SEEN ONLY 16 OF OVER 370 TOTAL SLIDES IN THE 8 COMPLETE LESSONS ON THE FULL VERSION OF ‘METEOROLOGY .... SIMPLY FOR YACHTIES ’ SIMPLY .... FOR ‘YACHTIES’ © Copywrite 2007. All Rights Reserved Copying, Hiring, Renting, Alteration or Broadcasting is strictly prohibited 

THE SIMPLE WAY TO LEARN ALL ABOUT THE WEATHER METEOROLOGY ..... SIMPLY FOR ‘YACHTIES’ A WEATHER TRAINING CD PACKAGE FOR ALL SAILORS THE SIMPLE WAY TO LEARN ALL ABOUT THE WEATHER   Email : lowstratus@gmail.com Website : www.spinnyluff.webs.com