The Periodic Table

The periodic table is divided into groups (columns) and periods rows. Periods have the same number of electron orbitals. Groups have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital (valance electrons) 18

Metals vs. Non-Metals

Alkali Metals low melting and boiling points compared to other metals they are very soft and can be cut easily with a knife they have low densities react quickly with water Form bases in water.

Alkali Earth Metals shiny. silvery-white somewhat reactive metals low densities low melting and boiling points

Transition Metals they form colored compounds they are good conductors of heat and electricity they can be hammered or bent into shape easily they are less reactive than other metals they have high melting points (except for mercury) they are usually hard and tough they have high densities

Basic Metals

Metalloids Solids Can be shiny or dull Ductile—made into wires Malleable—pounded into sheets Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals

Halogen Family Low melting and boiling points Brittle when solid Poor conductors of heat and electricity Have colored vapors Very reactive with group 1 and 2.

Noble Gases stable (their valence shell is full) generally non-reactive conduct electricity fluoresce odorless and colorless

Lanthanide Series Silvery-white metals that tarnish when exposed to air, forming their oxides. Relatively soft metals. Hardness increases somewhat with higher atomic number. High melting points and boiling points Very reactive. React with water Burn easily in air Many rare earth compounds fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet light. Lanthanide ions tend to be pale colors The lanthanides react readily with most nonmetals

Actinide Series All are radioactive. The metals tarnish readily in air. High density They react with boiling water or dilute acid to release hydrogen gas. Actinides combine directly with most non- metals.