Chapter 35 Section 5 China: Reform and Reaction In response to contact with the West, China’s government has experimented with capitalism but has rejected calls for democracy. Do Now: List 5 characteristics of a communist government.

The Legacy of Mao Problems with Mao’s Rule: Mao wants to improve China’s economy but cannot His policies, a lack of modern technology, prevents economic growth He launches the Cultural Revolution in 1960s To revive Communist Spirit Actually turns many people against Communism Zhou Enlai- leader in early 1970s- pursues moderate policies

China and the West China Opened its Doors Zhou worries that China is too isolated from the rest of the world In 1971, US and China begin closer relations Reform In 1976, Mao and Zhou die Moderates take control of Communist Party Deng Xiaoping- becomes leader of China by 1980

Deng’s Policies Four Modernization- Unforeseen Problems Deng’s plan for economic progress Policy reverses strict Communist policies backed by Mao Unforeseen Problems Reforms lead to some unrest over privileges of Communist leaders Western political ideas enter China, encouraging democracy

Students Demand Democracy: Tiananmen Square Massacre In 1989, students protest in Tiananmen Square- public area of Beijing Deng Orders a Crackdown Deng orders army to surround square and attack protesters Attack leaves hundreds dead and thousands wounded Government begins large scaled campaign to end dissent

China enters the New Millennium China under Jiang In 1997, Deng dies; Jiang Zemin takes power Hard liners want Jiang to move away from Deng’s reforms In 2002, Jiang steps down in favor of Zhu Rongji Both Jian and Zhu favor continued reforms

Transfer of Hong Kong Hong Kong former British colony City in China Major economic power In 1997, Britain gives Hong Kong back to China

China Beyond 2000: Economics & Politics Economic reforms reduce poverty in China China’s economy begins to prosper, even though others are suffering Many in China want political reforms China is becoming more involved with other countries