COLD WAR?

CAUSES Near the end of WWII, Roosevelt from the US, Churchill from Great Britain, and Stalin from the USSR met at the Yalta Conference to decide what to do with Germany after WWII. They made many important decisions.

Yalta Conference Feb 1945

At Yalta they decided to form the United Nations to help keep future peace. At Yalta, they also decided to divide up Germany into 4 zones. The USA, Great Britain, France, and USSR would each control one zone.

The Berlin Crisis- (June 1948-May 1949) / /

/ The goal was to fix up the country and then unite the 4 zones into one new country. / After WWII, the USA and the USSR were the 2 most powerful countries by far. In fact they were nicknamed SUPER POWERS. / The goal was to fix up the country and then unite the 4 zones into one new country. / After WWII, the USA and the USSR were the 2 most powerful countries by far. In fact they were nicknamed SUPER POWERS.

USSR vs. USA / United States was a capitalist, democratic country, while Russia was Communist, and the government controlled the economy (command economy).

USA vs. USSR The US and USSR became enemies. Roughly half of the world was on the side of the US, and half of was on the side of the USSR.

Blue=NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) countries Red=Warsaw Pact countries Yellow=Non-alliance countries Blue=NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) countries Red=Warsaw Pact countries Yellow=Non-alliance countries

NATO vs. WARSAW / The countries on the US’s side formed an alliance called NATO and the countries on the USSR’s side formed an alliance called the Warsaw Pact. The countries on the USSR’s side were referred to as Soviet Union.

o After the war, the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin established Communist governments in Eastern Europe and forced the new governments of Eastern Europe to stay loyal to the USSR o Stalin controlled these countries through the use of puppet governments. o Stalin also controlled his people using terror tactics. Citizens could be jailed or killed if they spoke out against the government. o After the war, the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin established Communist governments in Eastern Europe and forced the new governments of Eastern Europe to stay loyal to the USSR o Stalin controlled these countries through the use of puppet governments. o Stalin also controlled his people using terror tactics. Citizens could be jailed or killed if they spoke out against the government.

The Iron Curtain o The Iron Curtain was an invisible wall that rose between Eastern and Western European countries after WWII. o People of the East were restricted from leaving their countries, and people of the West who wanted to visit the East were restricted as well. o The Iron Curtain was an invisible wall that rose between Eastern and Western European countries after WWII. o People of the East were restricted from leaving their countries, and people of the West who wanted to visit the East were restricted as well.

The Marshall Plan / In order to help make sure countries joined the US’s side, the US gave billions of dollars to Western Europe in what was called the Marshall Plan and was named after John Marshall

/ Although the US and USSR were enemies, they never fought each other. Instead they had what is called a COLD WAR. This lasted from The 2 countries did everything possible to stop each other but never had a “real” war.

/ They were both afraid of each other because both had nuclear weapons. Neither wanted to fight because they could have both destroyed the other. So instead of having a hot war, the problems between the US and USSR from were known as the COLD WAR.

The tension and rivalry between the USA and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic) was described as the Cold War ( ). So What is the Cold War?

USSR’s First Atomic Test

USSR Launches Sputnik

There was never a real war between the two sides, but they were often very close to war (Hotspots). Both sides got involved in other conflicts in the world to either stop the spread of communism (USA) or help the spread (USSR).

Germany Divided / Germany, which had been ruled by the Hitler and the Nazis until their defeat in 1945 was split in two. / The western side became West Germany and the eastern side became East Germany. / East Germany became another communist country. / Germany, which had been ruled by the Hitler and the Nazis until their defeat in 1945 was split in two. / The western side became West Germany and the eastern side became East Germany. / East Germany became another communist country.

The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was built in 1962, to prevent people from escaping to West Germany.

Western Bloc Eastern Bloc

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