Democratic reform and activism Unit Enduring Understandings 2.Changes in technology and exchange during the 18 th and 19 th centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today. 5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems. Agenda – Warm-up – write a paragraph that explains how industrialization and capitalism led to the reformists’ ideas and the spread of democracy. Make sure to include at least three different reformists’ ideas in your paragraph. Make a judgment as to which reformist’s ideas you think would best address the issues related to the industrial revolution. 1.Review Democratic Reform and Activism – p 16 2.Complete British Home Rule p 17 3.Work on Core Assessment – get computers and do some research

An Age of Reforms Main Idea: The Industrial Revolution led to economic, social, and political reforms.

Differing Philosophies  The Industrial Revolution changed the structure of society, opening up a gap between rich and poor  New philosophies emerged regarding the role of the government in an industrialized society

Differing Philosophies  Laissez-faire thinkers (Adam Smith) support a free market and oppose government regulation  These ideas are the basis for capitalism  Other thinkers oppose laissez-faire policies and favor government efforts to improve people’s lives

Rise of Socialism  Reformers sought the establishment of a new economic system called socialism  In socialism, the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all  Socialists believe the government should actively plan the economy and promote equality between all people

Karl Marx  German journalist who introduced the world to a radical type of socialism  Believed that history is controlled by economics and class struggle  The future would lead to communism

Communism  Capitalist society would eventually destroy itself, as the proletariat would revolt  Workers would bring about economic equality for all and a classless society would form with the absence of any government  Private property would cease to exist

Unionization and Reform  Workers organize unions to raise wages and improve conditions  Unions eventually become established and legal  Reform laws are passed in Britain and the United States to limit child labor and set work hours

Reform  The abolition movement helps to end slavery by the end of the 1800s  Free public education for all children

Democratic Reform and Activism DateEventconsequences 1830Revolution in France UK parliamentary leaders, afraid of a potential revolt in UK like that in France are motivated to propose a suffrage reform bill 1832UK Reform BillLowered the property restrictions on voting so that the new bourgeosie could vote. It also modernized districts so that more representation in parliament could come from cities. 1837Victoria becomes Queen The spread of democracy weakens the monarchy 1838Chartist Movement’s People’s Charter Petition called for all men to have right to vote in yearly elections by secret ballot and the end the property requirement to become a Member of Parliament. Was rejected, but was a framework for future democratic reform 1884Parliament extends vote to rural workers Regular people wanted the vote so parliament would be responsive to their needs and so that the ills of industrialization could be addressed by law 1903Emmeline Pankhurst forms Women’s Social & Political Union This group’s goals were to get voting rights for women and to change the unfair laws that made women second-class citizens. Partial suffrage granted in 1918 and full suffrage 1928

Self-Rule for British Colonies CausesActions/ EventsEffects A. Religious and cultural differences b/t mostly Catholic French and mainly English Protestants B. Pressures from both groups for greater voice in government 1. Parliament creates Upper Canada and lower Canada in 1791 A. Each province got its own elected assembly with limited powers that temporarily eased tensions until later rebellions led to unification of Canada A. Many Canadians felt Canada needed a central government to protect against territorial expansion by the US 2. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick join with the Province of Canada to form the Dominion of Canada in 1867 A. Established self- government for Canada within Canada. B. Led to westward expansion and economic development A. Conflicts b/t Maoris and European settlers over land led the settlers to plead for annexation so they could be protected by British government 3. British annex New Zealand in 1838 A. Maoris negotiated with British government to retain control of their lands in return for acceptance of British Rule B. Settlers became more prosperous by producing wool and agricultural products for export

Self-Rule for British Colonies CausesActions/ EventsEffects A. Britain wanted to retain control of Ireland in face of Irish demands for Irish nationalism 4. British Government formally joins Ireland to Britain in the Act of Union of 1800 A.Setback for Irish nationalism B.Irish reps in Parliament C.Catholic Emancipation Act restored rights to Catholics A. Pressure from English landowners in Ireland 5. During Great Famine, British Government forces Irish peasants to continue paying rent A.Many Irish lost their land and fell hopelessly into debt B.Mostly English landowners got rich from high price of food C.Irish got even more resentful at British rule D.Millions of Irish emigrated A. Irish frustrations over delay in independence due to WWI B. British reluctance to offer home rule or independence due to fear for Protestants’ safety 6. Irish nationalists rebel in Dublin A.Britain agreed to home rule for southern Ireland in 1914 B.Continued violence, bitterness and unrest resulting in division of Ireland in 1921