Foundations of the Constitution and American Government How did we get “here”? How did we get “here”? Who came and why? Who came and why? Why did the colonists begin a revolution? Why did the colonists begin a revolution? Who/What influenced the creation of the United States? Who/What influenced the creation of the United States?

I.America is Settled-Early Characteristics of Settlement A. Settlers came from Spain, France, and England (Africans came through use of force) B. They came seeking: 1. Religious freedom/tolerance 2. Economic opportunities 3. New adventures 4. Punishment/Servitude

C. Positive relations with Native Americans (for a short time) leads to: 1. Trade 2. Alliances 3. Labor (first form of slavery in America) 4. Warfare D. African slave trade expands due to the plantation economy of the colonial age E. Immigration from Europe provides diversity

II. Politics and Economy of the Colonial Age A. Self-government 1. Colonial charters outline basic “laws” of the colony 2. Town meetings/local government 3. Major achievements in this area: a) House of Burgesses b) Mayflower Compact c) Albany Plan of Union * All of the above contributed to the development of the Constitution

B. Iroquois League taught the colonists about political organization C. Zenger case helps establish the idea of freedom of the press D. Salutary Neglect by England allows the colonies to prosper both economically and politically

E. Mid-1700’s mercantilism causes problems between the colonies and England 1. Mercantilism is an economic theory 2. Colonies provide raw materials and markets for the Mother Country 3. EXPORT more than you IMPORT is the key to success 4. Parliamentary acts are used to strengthen the mercantilist relationship between England and the colonies

Do Now: Use these terms in a paragraph: Right Side of the room: Salutary Neglect, Mercantilism, Triangular Trade, Slave Trade Left Side of the room: House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact, Iroquois League, Charter

III.How Did We Get to the Declaration of Independence???? A. The ENLIGHTENMENT 1. Locke (natural rights and social contract) 2. Montesquieu (separation of powers and checks and balances) 3. Voltaire (freedom of religion and no cruel punishment) 4. Rousseau (consent of the governed)

B. English influences 1. Magna Carta (limits the power of ruler) 2. Habeas corpus (protection from unlawful restraint) 3. English Bill of Rights/Petition of Rights (list of rights/powers of the citizens) 4. Glorious Revolution (bloodless change in power)

C. French and Indian War ( ) 1. Colonist provide money and men to the war effort 2. When the fighting stops- there is no reward for the colonists 3. Parliament passes the Proclamation of 1763 to limit colonial expansion into the new areas won in the war

IV. The American Revolution A. Causes of the War 1. Economic a) Mercantilism disputes b) Parliamentary taxes 2. Political a) “No Taxation Without Representation” b) Failure of boycotts, protests, petitions c) King George's violations of colonial rights

HW#4 P and Answer: P. 88 Checkpoint & Map Skills #3, P. 89 Checkpoint (second on.the bottom of the page), P. 99 Checkpoint, P. 100 Checkpoint, P. 102 Checkpoint, P. 105 Checkpoint and Critical Thinking #4.

d) Work of committees of correspondence e) Leadership (Franklin, Washington, Adams, Henry) f) Development of an “American” identity g) Republican ideology (“Common Sense”).

New Taxes Sugar Act – prevented smuggling and increased the costs for merchants’ businesses Sugar Act – prevented smuggling and increased the costs for merchants’ businesses Quartering Act – colonists were required to house and supply British Troops Quartering Act – colonists were required to house and supply British Troops Stamp Act – colonists had to pay taxes on all printed materials Stamp Act – colonists had to pay taxes on all printed materials

The Boston Massacre

2 nd Wave of New Taxes Townshend Acts – new duties on imports (ex. Glass, lead, paint, paper tea) Townshend Acts – new duties on imports (ex. Glass, lead, paint, paper tea) Tea Act – allowed British Tea companies to directly sell to colonists, making it cheaper than smuggled tea Tea Act – allowed British Tea companies to directly sell to colonists, making it cheaper than smuggled tea Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)- punished Boston by closing its port and eliminating self-government Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)- punished Boston by closing its port and eliminating self-government

First Continental Congress Response by the other 12 colonies who opposed the Coercive Acts Response by the other 12 colonies who opposed the Coercive Acts Included delegates from each colony Included delegates from each colony Patrick Henry helps create unity (Famous Speech?) Patrick Henry helps create unity (Famous Speech?) Goal to pressure Parliament to revoke Coercive Acts Goal to pressure Parliament to revoke Coercive Acts

Second Continental Congress Convenes after Battle of Lexington and Concord Convenes after Battle of Lexington and Concord Assumes the responsibility for the war, Name Washington General Assumes the responsibility for the war, Name Washington General Send the “Olive Branch Petition” as a last ditch effort to stay loyal Send the “Olive Branch Petition” as a last ditch effort to stay loyal King George rejects King George rejects

Patriots vs. Loyalist Loyalist stay true to the crown Loyalist stay true to the crown Fear that the British will crush the revolt and must obey the crown at all costs Fear that the British will crush the revolt and must obey the crown at all costs Think the Patriots are more oppressive than the British Think the Patriots are more oppressive than the British

Common Sense by Thomas Paine Swings popular opinion in favor of war Swings popular opinion in favor of war Similar to the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence Similar to the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence

Outcomes of the War 1. U.S. independence is recognized by England through the Treaty of Paris 2. U.S. border is set at the Mississippi River (to the west) 3. Set an example for other nations (France) 4. Financial debt to France

1. How did we get “here”? “here”? 2. Who came and why? 3. Why did the colonists begin a revolution? begin a revolution? 4. Who/What influenced the creation of the United creation of the United States? States?