Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Animal and Plant Cells

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Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Animal and Plant Cells

Presentation transcript:

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Animal and Plant Cells

Essential Questions How does a cell function? How do materials the cell needs get into the cell? What are the 3 most important organelles and what do they do?

Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cell membrane – membrane that surrounds cell and separates outer from inner. Nucleus – internal compartment of cell that houses cell’s DNA Organelles – structures in a cell that carry out specific jobs for cell. Cytoplasm – the jelly-like fluid where the organelles “float.” www.nerdscience.com

Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton – network of protein filaments( microtubules) in cytoplasm. help cell maintain shape, move, and move organelles. help with cell division www.nerdscience.com

Cytoskeleton www.nerdscience.com

Inside the Nucleus Nuclear Envelope – membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Chromatin – consists of DNA wrapped around proteins. Chromosomes – condensed string-like structure that forms from DNA just before the cell divides. Nucleolus – structure within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.

Inside the Nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear Envelope www.nerdscience.com

Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins! www.nerdscience.com

Ribosomes Ribosome www.nerdscience.com

Small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells Vesicle Small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells Some become lysosomes

Vesicle vesicle

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic reticulum – internal membrane system of the cell that moves proteins and other substances. Rough ER – has ribosomes, makes proteins Smooth ER – no ribosomes, makes lipids, and breaks down toxins www.nerdscience.com

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER Smooth ER www.nerdscience.com

Golgi Apparatus – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. like UPS www.nerdscience.com

Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus www.nerdscience.com

Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes. Digest molecules and old cell parts to be used by the cell www.nerdscience.com

Mitochondria Mitochondria – converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. “Powerhouse of the Cell!” Makes energy (ATP). Has own DNA www.nerdscience.com

Mitochondria Mitochondria www.nerdscience.com

Plant Cells – 3 features Animal cells don’t have.

Central Vacuole Central Vacuole – large, space; stores water and other substances such as ions, nutrients, and wastes. www.nerdscience.com

Central Vacuole Vacuoles www.nerdscience.com

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts – organelles that capture light energy from sunand convert it into chemical energy. (Photosynthesis) Found only in plants, algae, and some bacteria. Has own DNA. www.nerdscience.com

Chloroplasts Chloroplast www.nerdscience.com

Cell wall Cell Wall - structure surrounding cell membrane that provides structure and shape. composed of proteins, carbs, and cellulose protects from damage and connects it to next cell

Cell Wall Cell wall

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell

Make foldable of plant and animal cell. Activities Make foldable of plant and animal cell. Must have drawing of both animal and plant cells. Must be colored and labeled. Must have venn diagram comparing cells. Will be graded with rubric Homework – Cell City Analogy