4A Cell Organelles specialized structures within a living cell.

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Presentation transcript:

4A Cell Organelles specialized structures within a living cell

Cell Wall Structure Outer layer of a cell Made of cellulose Rigid & strong

Cell Wall Function Provides support (maintains cell shape) Protects cell Helps maintain cell shape Allows O 2, H 2 O, & CO 2 into & out of cell

Cell Wall

Cell (Plasma) Membrane Structure Outer layer of an animal cell Inside cell wall in plants Selectively permeable Double layer of phospholipids with proteins

Cell (Plasma) Membrane Function Provides support & protection Controls movement of materials into & out of cell Maintains homeostasis - balance

Cell (Plasma) Membrane

Nucleus Structure Large, dark center of cell Holds DNA

Nucleus Function Controls all cellular activities Contains hereditary (genetic info) material of the cell

Nucleus

Cytoplasm Structure Clear, thick, jellylike material Organelles are found inside cytoplasm Contains the cytoskeleton fibers

Cytoplasm Function Supports and protects cell organelles

Cytoplasm

Chloroplast Structure oval shaped containing chlorophyll (green pigment) Stacks of thylakoids inside called grana Gel-like, innermost substance called stroma

Chloroplast Function Uses E from the sun to make food (glucose) for plants in a process called photosynthesis Releases oxygen

Chloroplast

Mitochondria Structure Peanut shaped Double membrane w/ smooth outermembrane

Mitochondria Function Breaks down glucose molecules to release energy in the form of ATP Site of aerobic respiration Releases CO 2

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure Network of tubes or membranes Smooth without ribosomes Rough with ribosomes Connects nuclear envelope & cell membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function Carries materials through cell Aids in making proteins & transporting them to Golgi bodies

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Ribosome Structure Small round bodies free or attached to ER Made of rRNA & protein

Ribosome Function Synthesize (make) proteins

Ribosome

Lysosome Structure Small & round with a single membrane

Lysosome Function Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules digests old cell parts

Lysosome

Golgi Body (apparatus) Structure Stacks of flattened sacs

Golgi Body (apparatus) Function Modify proteins made by the cells Packages & exports the proteins

Golgi Body (apparatus)

Centrioles Structure Paired structures near the nucleus Made of a cylinder of microtubule pairs

Centrioles Function Assist in cell division

Centrioles

Vacuoles Structure Fluid-filled sacs Largest organelle in plant cells

Vacuoles Function Store water, food & wastes Store large amounys of food or sugars in plants

Vacuole

Cilia Structure Short, hair-like structures

Cilia Function Aids in movement

Cilia

Flagella Structure Long, tail-like structures

Flagella Function Aids in movement

Flagella

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