Chapter 8 Section 3 Italy & Germany Unite

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8 Section 3 Italy & Germany Unite Nationalism’s effect on Europe Cavour Unites Italy Bismarck Unites Germany

Nationalism’s effect on Europe Nationalism: people should be loyal to their nation; or to the people they share common culture with

Nationalism’s effect on Europe Effects on Europe: Break up of Austrian Empire Nationalism deputes cause tension A loss in the Austro-Prussian war Hungarians want a separate nation 2 nations, 1 Emperor Russia’s Empire Crumbles More than 12 different ethnic groups rule by the Czars Russification: forcing Russian culture on the people of the empire This policy strengthened ethnic feelings Czar will give up his power in 1917

Nationalism’s effect on Europe The Ottoman Empire Weakens Tensions among the 6 ethnic groups cause problems for the empire 1856: equal citizenship increases anti-ethnic feelings among the Turks Massacre and deportation of Armenians from 1894 to 1896 The Ottoman Empire breaks apart after WWI

Cavour Unites Italy Piedmont-Sardinia was the largest & most powerful Italian kingdom Liberal constitution King Victor Emmanuel II Count Camillio di Cavour appointed PM Gains control of northern Italy with help from France Giuseppe Garibaldi “The Red Shirt” Takes Sicily Gains control of southern Italy Agrees to unite the north & south under control of Victor Emmanuel II

Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi King Victor Emmanuel II

United Italy, 1861

Unification of Germany Prussia was the most powerful kingdom in Germany Strong nationalist feelings helped unify the people in Prussia Very powerful army Wilhelm I appointed Otto von Bismarck as PM A powerful Junker: a wealthy, conservative landowner Bismarck was a master of realpolitik: tough power politics, with no room for idealism Bismarck uses war to increase national pride Defeats Denmark, gains Schleswig Defeats Austria, gains Holstein & gave Venetia to Italy

Unification of Germany con’t Bismarck created incidents with France He forces France into a war The Franco-Prussian War The Prussian army swept into France & took 83,000 POWs German nationalism was now at its highest Wilhelm I was crown Kaiser Wilhelm I emperor of Germany Otto von Bismarck

German Empire, 1871