Fundamentals of Wind Energy Paul Gipe & Assoc.. Power in the Wind Where  is air density (kg/m 3 ), A is area (m 2 ), and V is velocity (m/s). Paul Gipe.

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Presentation transcript:

Fundamentals of Wind Energy Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Power in the Wind Where  is air density (kg/m 3 ), A is area (m 2 ), and V is velocity (m/s). Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Air Density Paul Gipe & Assoc. Where p is air pressure (mb), R is the gas constant, and T is temperature (K)

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Identifying the Wind Resource Paul Gipe & Assoc. Wellington, NZ

Paul Gipe & Assoc. Vegetative Indicators--Wind Throw Aude, France

Increase in Wind Speed Over Ridges Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Wind Sensors AnemometerWind Vane Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Wind Direction Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Seasonal Wind Distribution Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Rayleigh Wind Speed Distribution Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Weibull Wind Speed Distribution For Same Average Speed Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Turbulence & Obstructions Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Speed, Power, & Height Paul Gipe & Assoc. V/V o = (H/H o ) α P/P o = (H/H o ) 3α Where α is the surface friction coefficient. 1/7 (0.14), Low Grass Prairies 1/4 (0.25), Suburbs 0.40, Urban

Increase in Wind Speed with Height

Increase in Power with Height

Change in Wind Speed & Power with Height Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1/7 (0.14), Low Grass Prairies

Typical Tower Height Paul Gipe & Assoc.

California Wind Resources

Wind Resources of the Dakotas

Paul Gipe & Assoc. Energy in the Wind AEO (Annual Energy Output) AEO = 1/2ρ A V 3 ή (8,760 hrs/year)

AEO Estimating Methods Paul Gipe & Assoc. Back-of-the-Envelope (Swept Area) Simple Approximation Power Curve & Speed Distribution Method Used by the Pros Accuracy Dependent Upon Data Manufacturers’ Tables Dependent Upon Honesty of Manufacturer Software Must Know Assumptions Used (RETScreen)

Paul Gipe & Assoc. Rotor Dimensions

Measured Efficiency of Small Wind Wulf Field

AEO Small Wind Turbines

Conversion Efficiency Paul Gipe & Assoc.