notes: Succession pp. 405-410

EARTH’S LAYERS Geosphere Hydrosphere Earth’s rock interior that extends from the core to the crust Hydrosphere Portion of earth that is water

Atmosphere EARTH’S LAYERS Mixture of gases that surrounds earth 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% other gases (H2O , & CO2)

EARTH’S LAYERS Atmosphere Ozone: absorbs most of the sun’s UV light.

EARTH’S LAYERS Biosphere Portion of earth that contains life ~ 9 km above surface and ~11km below surface

Disturbance Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms

Disturbance Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms Abiotic examples: droughts, fires, floods etc.

Disturbance Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms Abiotic Examples: droughts, fires, floods etc. Biotic Examples: elephants tearing up trees, prairie dogs moving soil for burrows etc. Human examples: bulldozing, paving etc.

Stability Ability to withstand a disturbance and maintain constant conditions

Stability Ability to withstand a disturbance and maintain constant conditions Pattern seen: ↑species richness and ↑ evenness leads to ↑ stability

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Sequential and gradual growth of a community

1. Primary succession occurs when community is first formed (expanding a community) Microbes, lichens and mosses must create soil before other plants can grow.

Pioneer species: first species to dominate early in succession (small and fast growing) Climax Community: marked by the domination of long-lived species and great diversity

2. Secondary succession: occurs when succession must start over after the destruction of a climax community

2. Secondary succession: occurs when succession must start over after the disturbance of a climax community Takes place on sites that have already supported life

Which is primary and which is secondary?

Day Before Eruption

1980 Eruption

Today http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/nat08_vid_travcom/

Create a Double Bubble for Primary and Secondary Succession Place the following terms in bubbles Takes ~100 years Takes over 100+ years Creates an ecosystem Makes a new ecosystem Makes a pre-existing ecosystem Pioneer species Disturbance occurred Ecosystem expanding Makes soil Soil already present