1934 House seats by party holding plurality in state Dark Blue: 80%+ to 100% Democratic Red: 80%+ to 100% Republican Light Blue: 60%+ to 80% Democratic Green: 60%+ to 80% Progressive Dark Pink: 60%+ to 80% Republican Neon Blue: Up to 60% Democratic Light Pink: Up to 60% Republican

FDR has a Public Mandate  Spring 1935, starts the second New Deal  Relief, Recovery and Reform

Helping the U/E  Workers Progress Administration WPA  direct relief  umbrella organization  office workers, photographers, artists, etc.  Dorothea Lange (migrant workers)  8-10 million jobs, 1935 and 1943, $10 billion spent

Helping the Youth  National Youth Administration  Get urban youth to stay in school  Why is this important?  327,000 high school age  work while in school  families get paid $10-$25/month  Another 155,000 – job training  Included girls!!

Helping Lots of People  Social Security Act of 1935  Income in old age  Income for Unemployed  Income for disabled

Helping Farmers & Rural Americans  Resettlement Administration, 1935  Small tenant, passed over by AAA  rural rehabilitation, loans, education, technical aid  Built camps for migrant workers  Farm Security Administration-1937  B  By out and resettle  Federal Crop Insurance Corp (FCIC) – 38’  Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment  2 nd AAA, unconstitutional 1936  Alfa alfa, soil enriching okay  Rural Electrification Administration – 1935  Electricity  Loans to farmers

Helping Workers  Wagner Act, 1935  Must allow unions; illegal to fire bc in a union  National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)  empowered to enforce  NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp, 37’  Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938  End child labor  Min wage; max work week

Anything Different This Time Around?

An Active First Lady  Eleanor traveled the country & witnessed suffering  Encouraged by his wife, Eleanor, FDR appointed more women to federal posts than any previous president; he also included black Americans in federal job programs (though they remained largely segregated).

More Back Lash

FDR Backlash  Judicial Reorganization Bill, known as Court-Packing Plan  proposed by FDR in Feb  Over 70 must retire  Hugo Black  Recession began Aug. 1937, after FDR cut WPA and other programs to reduce government deficit spending  Congress passed $5 billion emergency bill April 1938  1938 midterm election was a Republican victory

FDR Still Doing Fine

The Roosevelt Coalition Grows

 Republicans still relying on the same electorate  Democrats expanding their electorate

Reading Questions  Why would this group of people support FDR?  Even with FDR’s “support” what (if anything) does this group still lack?

How the New Deal Changed America  An active government  An active first lady  A more diverse government: women; African Americans; Jews; ethnic minorities  Party alignment  What about the programs?  Which New Deal program has had the greatest impact on America?