1 Mike Stonebraker’s Two Bullets Michael Stonebraker Adjunct Professor Massachusetts Institute of Technology

2 M.I.T. Bullet 1: Semantic Heterogeneity  Achilles heel of data warehouse projects  And information integration  And soon of web services  Easy part is euros to/from dollars  Harder is French salary to/from U.S. salary  Hardest is latex gloves to/from rubber hand protectors  Achilles heel of data warehouse projects  And information integration  And soon of web services  Easy part is euros to/from dollars  Harder is French salary to/from U.S. salary  Hardest is latex gloves to/from rubber hand protectors

3 M.I.T. Bullet 1: Semantic Heterogeneity  Worked on ever since I have been an adult  With little progress  At some point we need to work on the important stuff…..  Worked on ever since I have been an adult  With little progress  At some point we need to work on the important stuff…..

4 M.I.T. Bullet 2: Google for Structured Data  What is the current temperature in Lowell?  Is Flight 214 on time?  Where can I buy pocket protectors?  What is the current temperature in Lowell?  Is Flight 214 on time?  Where can I buy pocket protectors?

5 M.I.T. Bullet 2: Google for Structured Data  Data model  Not likely to be text  Query language  NL doesn’t work (and won’t anytime soon)  Integration of 10** 6 sites  Semantic heterogeneity……  Site finding --UDDI is a start  Scalability -- 10**6 gateways?  Data model  Not likely to be text  Query language  NL doesn’t work (and won’t anytime soon)  Integration of 10** 6 sites  Semantic heterogeneity……  Site finding --UDDI is a start  Scalability -- 10**6 gateways?