RECONSTRUCTION FAILS Mr. Johnson APUSH Hopewell High School

Presidential Reconstruction: Ulysses S. Grant Grant’s Views – Supported ______ occupation but urged ______ Republicans not to be harsh and retributive toward the south – Supported rights of ______ Election of 1868 – Fusion of white ________ and black ____________ helped Grant win many votes in south – Lingering resentment from the Civil War “Waving the _______ shirt” “Vote as you _____” Grant’s Policies – ______ Bill against KKK terror – Numerous ______: Whisky Ring, Credit Mobilier, Indian Ring – Defeated Democrats & Liberal Republican reformers in _____ election – End of ________’s Bureau – _______ of 1873 – ________ issues: railroads, settlement & Indian Wars – ___________ of remaining southern states

African Americans in Reconstruction Education – __________’s Bureau schools – Establishment of first black ______ in the south Families – Some freedmen traveled in search of lost ___________ – __________ were legalized by Freemen’s Bureau Political Life – ________ were the pillars of many black communities – Black voters faced terror from white _________ groups, but elected the first black senators (Revels) and congressmen (Bruce) – Frederick _______ became a leading voice supporting full racial equality through passage of ___ th and ___ th amendments and serving as ambassador to __________ Economic Life – ____________ and wartime ____________ had altered southern economy – Black codes sought to restore pre- Civil War ______ system and ____ relations _________ laws and labor _______ _________ leasing – Many blacks became __________ or ______ farmers who didn’t own the land they worked, trapped in a cycle of ______ peonage

Home Rule, Redemption & the Solid South Robert E. Lee – Urged Southerners to _______ and _______ the Union – Served as president of ___________ College (now Washington & Lee University) – Emphasized the importance of _______ to the nation’s future White supremacists created barriers to black _________ – _________ taxes… – _________ tests… – …____________ clauses exempted white voters – _____, White League and Red Shirts intimidated black voters and white scalawags Emergence of the “_______ South” – Ex-Confederates became prominent _________ leaders – Grant-era _____________ weakened Republican Party – Conservative Democratic “_______” governments took control of southern states in 1870s – South became closely _______ with Democratic Party through 1964

The Compromise of 1877 & the Legacy of Reconstruction Disputed election of 1876 led to _____________ of 1877 – Rutherford _______ (R) – Samuel __________ (D) Hayes agreed to concessions for southern Democrats – Appointment of Democrats to ________ – Funding for southern ___________ and industry – Removal of federal _________ End of ______________ _________ ______ decisions severely limited the impact of Reconstruction Amendments – Slaughter-House Cases, 1873 – Civil Rights Cases, 1883 – Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Legalized _____________ __________ but equal Successes of Reconstruction – Slavery was ________ and the south was _____________ into the union – _______-term successes on issues of civil rights – Reconstruction __________ established principles that were stalled for many decades but eventually became the basis for _____ decisions upholding civil rights Failures of Reconstruction – Social and economic patterns remained largely _______________ – African Americans were denied full rights of citizenship under the “____ ______” system – The south remained the ________ region of the country for the next 100 years – The broken promises of Reconstruction were not addressed until the African American _______ ______ movement in the mid-20 th century

“The North Won the War; the South Won the Peace”