The Book of Acts John Oakes, PhD San Diego September, 2015 The Agora in Athens

Themes in Acts 1. The work of the Holy Spirit in establishing the Church. Acts 1:2, 1:4-5, 1:7, 1:16 2. The Kingdom of God. Acts 1:3, 1:6 3. Growth and development of the Church. 1:8 4. Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy 1:20

Acts Timeline AD 30 Pentecost Acts 2 32 Stephen martyred, Church Scattered. Acts 8: or 34Conversion of Saul/Paul Acts 9:1-22 about 37First Gentiles baptized. Acts 10-11:18 42 or 43Barnabas, Paul in Antioch. Acts 11: Paul’s first missionary journey Acts Council in Jerusalem. Acts Paul’s 2 nd missionary Journey Acts 16-18: Paul’s 3 rd mission journey Acts 18:23-21:16 57 Paul arrested in Jerusalem

Acts Timeline Paul a prisoner in Caesarea Paul a prisoner in Rome Book of Acts ends. 62 Paul probably freed. Went to Spain? 65 (?) Martyrdom in Rome

Luke/Acts Acts 1:1 Luke contains the things Jesus BEGAN to do…. Luke: Jesus goes to Jerusalem. Acts: Jesus goes out from Jerusalem (Acts 1:8)

Jesus in Acts Works miracles Acts 3:6,10,30 Acts 9:34, 13:11, 14:3 Seen at God’s right hand Acts 7:55-56 Appears to Saul Acts 9:4-5 Speaks to Ananias Acts 9:10-16 Tells Peter to go to Cornelius’ house Acts 10:13-15 Comforts Paul and Silas in prison Acts 18:9-10 Sends Paul to preach Acts 22:17-21 Tells Paul he must go to Rome Acts 23:11 Q: What do we learn from all this about us?

I. The Holy Spirit in Acts Acts 1:2 Instructions through the Holy Spirit. 1:4-5 Wait for the Holy Spirit. 1:7 Power from the Holy Spirit. 1:16 The Holy Spirit spoke the prophecies 2:1-4 The Holy Spirit falls on the apostles. 2:17-18 Pouring of the Holy Spirit prophesied in Joel. 4:8 Peter spoke, as he was filled by the Holy Spirit. 4:25 He spoke through David. 4:31 Filled with the Holy Spirit, the house was shaken. 5:32 The Holy Spirit witnesses to the resurrection. 6:3-6 Those known to be full of the Holy Spirit chosen to lead. to lead.

The Holy Spirit in Acts 7:55 Stephen was full of the Holy Spirit. 8:29 The Holy Spirit tells Philip to share with the Ethiopian Eunuch. 9:31 The Church strengthened and encouraged by the Holy Spirit. 10:19 The Holy Spirit tells Peter to go with the three Gentile visitors. 10:44-47 The Holy Spirit fell on Cornelius and his house. 11:28 The Holy Spirit tells Agabus about a famine. 13:2-4 The Holy Spirit set apart Barnabas and Saul for missionary work, and sends them off. 13:52 The disciples filled with joy and the Holy Spirit.

The Holy Spirit In Acts 15:28 The Holy Spirit influenced the decision of the Jerusalem Council. 16:7 The Spirit of Jesus prevents going to Bithyia. 20:22 Paul compelled by the Holy Spirit to go to Jerusalem. 20:23 The Holy Spirit warns Paul of danger. 20:28 The Holy Spirit makes and chooses elders. 21:11 The Holy Spirit tells Agabus how Paul will die. Q: What does all this tell you?

II. Acts and the Kingdom of God Acts 1:3 Jesus talking about the Kingdom of God. Acts 1:6 The disciples were sure confused about this! Acts 2 The Kingdom comes, as prophesied (Acts 2:17-21 esp. v. 20 TDOTL) Acts 10 The Kingdom comes to the Gentiles. Acts 8:12 Philip proclaims the Kingdom 14:22 We are on our way into the kingdom of God 19:8 He persuaded them about the kingdom of God., 20:25 Paul preached everywhere about the Kingdom of God. 28:23,31 Paul preached the kingdom of God.

III. Growth and Development of the Church Acts 1:8 “You will be my witnesses… to the ends of the earth” How did they do it? How can we do it? The Marketplace in Corinth

Why Did They Change the World/ How Can We Change the World? Acts 5:39 A. They knew Jesus. The personal effect of the man Jesus of Nazareth. B. Powerful truth-claims. Those two alone were not enough to sustain a movement

Changing the World in Our Time C. Moral/Ethical superiority of the Christians. Christians. D. They could successfully answer the hard questions. Intellectual superiority. questions. Intellectual superiority. E. Christianity gave dignity to all people The church had compassion like no one The church had compassion like no one else else F. Because God was with them (Acts 5:39)

A. The Life of Jesus: Knowing Jesus Acts 4:1-21 Fear to Fearlessness. Acts 4:13 They took note that they had been with Jesus. Why was Paul transformed? Acts 9:1-16 We need to meet Jesus on our road to Damascus (or Reno, or Las Vegas or….)

B. Powerful Truth Claims Acts 2:22-24 –Jesus fulfilled the OT prophecies –Jesus worked signs, wonders and miracles –Jesus was raised from the dead Acts 3:11-16, 4:33, 5:29- 32, 13:26-35 Acts 26:24-32 True and Reasonable

Be born in Bethlehem Be raised in Galilee near Nazareth Be despised and rejected by men Be meek and silent before his accusers Be “pierced” Be crucified Have his garments divided and gambled over Be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver Come to Jerusalem to make atonement for sin in about AD 33 And many more….

C. Ethically and Morally They Were Very Different. We need to be as well!! Acts 17:5-9 Acts 19:17-20 Confronting the world and its ways. Acts 19:23-41 They confronted idolatry Us today? Marketplace, Corinth

Being Different Just Might Get Us Into Trouble A Little Riot in Ephesus

D. Engage the World Intellectually With the Christian World View Acts 17:16-34 Paul in Athens We need to confront the enemy in the Areopagus and in the Lecture Hall of Tyrannus The Areopagus in Athens

The Lecture Hall of Tyrannus

Acts 17:16-34 Paul confronts Greek World Views God is Creator. He exists outside creation. –Disproves pantheism/Stoicism. God is close to us. –Disproves deism/Epicureanism. God is personal and has given us an individual purpose. God will bring all of us to judgment. Evil will be defeated –Disproves dualism/Gnosticism.

Paul Confronts Greek World Views

The Bible and Other World Views (cont.) Acts 17:16-34 Paul shares the gospel by arguing for the Christian World View. –v Paul finds common ground. –v Paul argues for the superiority and the truth of the Christian world view as opposed to Epicureanism/pantheism and Stoicism/deism –v. 28 Paul quotes from Aretas a Stoic philosopher. “ For we are his offspring.” –v Having laid the groundwork, Paul points them to Jesus. –v Some, but not all were converted.

Christianity Offers Solutions to the Big Problems of Human Beings The Problem of Evil The Problem of Suffering The Problem of Death

The Christian World View Has Given Us: Science Abolition of Slavery (Wilberforce) Civil Rights Women’s Rights Christian groups do a majority of all benevolent work in the world (James 1:27, Micah 6:8)

How, then, should we interact with members of other religions? Find common ground. Give respect where respect is due. Acknowledge the good and do not make personal attacks—especially toward revered people. Highlight distinctions in world view/theology and introduce them to Jesus Christ. This is EXACTLY what Paul did in Acts 17:22-34

E. The Church Met Needs/We Need to Meet Needs Acts 2:44-45 All the believers were together and had everything in common. Selling… Acts 3:6-10 Silver and gold we do not have, but what we have we will give. In the name of Jesus, get up and walk. What a testimony. We do not have much but what we have we will freely give. Acts 4:32-35 All needs were met. Acts 5:12-16 Meeting needs, healing.

Julian “the apostate.” ( ) “ Atheism (i.e. Christian faith) has been specially advanced through the loving service rendered to strangers, and through their care for the burial of the dead. It is a scandal that there is not a single Jew who is a beggar, and that the godless Galileans care not only for their own poor but for ours as well; while those who belong to us look in vain for the help that we should render them.”

F. If God is With Us…. Acts 5:38-39 With God’s help, they did it. They conquered the world. With God’s help, so can we.

Growth of the Church Acts 2:41 Three thousand added that day. Acts 4:4 The disciples grew to five thousand. Acts 5:14 More and more men and women. Acts 5:28 You have filled Jerusalem…. Acts 6:7 The number of disciples increased rapidly and a large number of priests were obedient. Acts 8:4 Those scattered preached the word wherever they went. Acts 9:31 Acts 11:24 Acts 16:5 Acts 17:6 Caused trouble all over the world.

Church Growth is “Normal” Acts 9:31 Grew throughout Judea, Galilee and Samaria Acts 11:24 A great number… Acts 16:5 Grew daily in numbers… Acts 17:6 Caused trouble all over the world.

IV. Use of Prophecies Context: The early church was entirely Jewish Acts 1:3 (and 8:26-34) Isaiah 52:13-53:12 Acts 2:17-21 Joel 2:27-32 (and Ezek 36:24-30 and Ezek 37:11-28) Acts 2:24-28 Psalm 16:8-11 Acts 2:34-35 Psalm 110:1-4

A Typical Sermon in Acts I. Jesus worked miracles. Therefore he is Lord II. Jesus fulfilled prophecy. Therefore he is Messiah. III. Jesus was crucified and raised. Therefore he is Savior. IV. Repent and be Baptized.

More Prophecy Use in Acts Acts 3:11-26 v. 18 Isaiah 59:1-12, Ps 22:12-18 v Deut 18:15-19 v Deut 18:15-19 v. 25 Gen 12:3, 18:8, 22:18 v. 25 Gen 12:3, 18:8, 22:18 Acts 4:8-12 Ps 118:22 Acts 4:25-26 Ps 2:1-1

Acts Ch 1 Jesus prepares the disciples to carry on his work. a. By teaching about the kingdom. b. By sending the Holy Spirit to help and guide them. c. By giving them a mission and a vision. d. By getting them organized. Could we improve on that?

Acts Ch 2 The Church Begins Acts 2:17 In these last days…. Thus begins the final episode of the story of God’s work. Peter has the keys (Matthew 16:19) A one-off event (except Acts 10:44-48)

Acts and the Holy Spirit 1. The miraculous outpouring, as prophesied by John (Matthew 3:11), Joel (Joel 2:28-32) and Jesus (Acts 1:8) 2. The promised indwelling gift. Eph 1:13-14, Acts 2:36-41, Acts 5:32, Acts 19: The miraculous gifts of the Holy Spirit Acts 8:14-17, Acts 19:4-7, 2 Tim 1:6, Hebrews 2:4 We must keep these separate and unconfused.

Acts 2:42-47 A Model Church a. Great commitment to God. b. Great worship. c. Great fellowship/family. d. Great growth.

Acts Ch 3-4 A Great Beginning Acts 4:32-27 Another picture of the idea church. Q: What area do we need to grow in to approach this ideal? Acts 5 Persecution begins. The charge: “You have filled Jerusalem with your teaching.” Q: Have you or has your church had any persecution lately?

Acts 6 Dealing with Problems in the Church Greek-speaking foreigners vs. Aramaic-speaking local Jews. Solution: “The leader of the church should take care of this” Better solution: Choose men full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom. Q: How would you know if someone was full of the Holy Spirit?

Acts 7 Martyrdom of Stephen, Church Scattered Stephen’s point: You have always rejected those God sent to you. It is only natural that you also rejected the Messiah when he came. Acts 8:1-4 God gives them the boot! Q: Does God need to give us the boot to get out there and do his work?

Acts 8 Samaritan and Proselyte Conversions Ethiopian Eunuch a Jewish convert? Two kinds of proselytes in Judaism: ger tzedek “righteous proselytes” is a gentile who has converted to Judaism, is bound to all the doctrines and precepts of the Jewish religion, and is considered a full member of the Jewish people. ger toshav "gate proselyte"is a resident alien who lives in the Land of Israel and follows some of the customs. They are not required to be circumcised nor to comply with the whole of the Torah.

Acts 9:1-19, Acts 22:3-21, Acts 26:12-18 Conversion of Saul Paul: Hebrew of Hebrews Pharisee of Pharisees (Phil 3:5) Studied under Gamaliel (Acts 22:3) The most zealous man of his day (Phil 3:6) Very persuasive speaker (Acts 9:22) Spoke Greek Q: Would you have shared with him? But God had prepared his heart….

Another Outline of Acts I. Acts 1 Jesus prepares the apostles. II. Acts 2-12 The ministry of Peter III. Acts The ministry of Paul. Acts 9:2 Christianity is a “Way”– a way of life, not just a religion.

Acts 10 Conversion Of First Gentiles Cornelius a God-fearer (ger toshav) A centurion—a man of influence A God-fearer—attended synagogue Gave to the poor His family all feared God

Q: Who do you hesitate to share with? - Three visions—kill and eat! - Holy Spirit tells him to go - Prophecy fulfilled - Acts 10:34-35 Peter is finally getting it! They should have known!!! Isaiah 49:6, Zechariah 2:11 Isaiah 11:10, Isaiah 56:3-7, Isaiah 60:1-3, Malachi 1:11, Genesis 12:3, Psalm 22:27, Isaiah 42:4 and many more

A Light to the Gentiles “I will make you a light to the Gentiles And you will bring my salvation to the ends of the earth.” Isaiah49:6 Many nations will join themselves to the Lord on that day, and they, too, wil be my people. I will live among you, and you will know that the Lord of Heave’s Armies sent me to you. Zechariah 2:11 Q: Why didn’t they get it? What about us?

Acts 11: The Reaction “And when Peter was come up to Jerusalem, they that were of the circumcision contended with him, saying, ‘You went in to men uncircumcised and ate with them.’” Acts 11:2-3.

Chapter 13 & 14 Paul’s First Missionary Journey

Acts 13 & 14 The First Missionary Journey Acts 13:1-3 Chosen by the Holy Spirit. Saul, Barnabas and John Mark, nephew of Barnabas. Date: About AD Paul a Christian for about 12 years. Cyprus, then Asia Minor. Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe.

Acts 13:6-7 Sergius Paulus

Sir William Ramsay I found myself brought into contact with the Book of Acts as an authority for the topography, antiquities, and society of Asia Minor. It was gradually borne upon me that in various details the narrative showed marvelous truth. In fact, beginning with a fixed idea that the work was essentially a second century composition, and never relying on its evidence as trustworthy for first century conditions, I gradually came to find it a useful ally in some obscure and difficult investigations. Luke is a historian of the first rank; not merely are his statements of fact trustworthy; he is possessed of the true historic sense; he fixes his mind on the idea and plan that rules in the evolution of history, and proportions the scale of his treatment to the importance of each incident. He seizes the important and critical events and shows their true nature at greater length, while he touches lightly or omits entirely much that was valueless for his purpose. In short, this author should be placed along with the very greatest of historians. Sir William Ramsay, St. Paul, the Traveler and the Roman Citizen, (Hodder and Stoughton, 1920).

Chapter 17:6 Politarchs From a column in Thessalonika, listing six “politarchs.”

Acts 18:11-17 Proconsul in ancient Greece by the name of Gallio The Greek inscription refers to Gallio noted in the Bible. It was written in the 1st century AD and was discovered in the Temple of Apollo in Delphi in It originally consisted of various fragments that were pieced together in The artifact is now in the Delphi museum, Greece.

Temple of Apollo at Delphi where Delphi Inscription was discovered in the 20th century, used to date the proconsulship of Gallio which provides a peg for the chronology of Paul. Paul was in Corinth c AD.Delphi Inscription

Erastus Inscription in Corinth Acts 19:22 AD 50

Let no Gentile enter within the partition and barrier surrounding the Temple; whosoever is caught shall be responsible for his subsequent death.

Acts 13. On Cyprus Acts 13:9 First use of Paul instead of Saul. Why? Because it was his Greek/Roman name. Saul was his Jewish/Aramaic name. Acts 13:13 John Mark leaves the mission field.

Acts 13 In Asia Minor Acts 13:16-41 The first recorded sermon to a largely Gentile audience. 13:22 John the Baptist’s testimony 13:27 Condemnation of Jesus fulfills Isaiah 53 13:29 They did everything written about him Ps. 22, Isaiah 53 13:30-35 But God raised him from the dead Psalm 16:10, Isaiah 55:3 13:38-39 Salvation in Christ declared 13:44 An amazing reaction, similar to Acts 2

Acts 13 & 14 Persecution Reaction? Jews are jealous. Paul: OK, then I will go to the Gentiles. Paul always obeyed Romans 1:16 First to the Jews, then to the Gentiles. Acts 14 In Iconium, Lystra and Derbe. The Jews stir up more trouble. Acts 14:19-20 Paul stoned and left for dead. V. 22 “We must go through many hardships to enter the Kingdom of God.”

Acts 15 The Council in Jerusalem Judaizers Acts 15:5 Galatians 2:11-13 The issue? Should Gentile converts be required to obey the traditions of the Jews? Should Gentiles be circumcised? Note: Paul circumcised Timothy (Acts 16:3) but refused to circumcise Titus (Galatians 2:3) Why?

Paul in Athens at the Areopagus Acts 17:18 Epicureans and Stoics Epicureans: Epicurus was an atomist—a follower of Democritus. He taught that God is not interested in human affairs. Deism. The greatest “good” is pleasure or absence of pain. Hedonism. Stoicism: Zeno. 3 rd century BC. Similar to Buddhism. Panentheism. God is in everything. The greatest “good” is detachment from emotion. The ideal person is the wise sage. The quality of one’s belief is demonstrated by the style one’s life.

Areopagus of Athens Acts 17:19

Paul Confronts Greek World Views The Pantheon of Athena in Athens

The Agora in Athens

Acts 17: Paul presents the Christian Worldview to the philosophers of his day. v. 17 He reasoned with them. v He found common ground with them, v Paul describes a better God/better world view. v. 24 God is creator (if true then panentheism/Stoicism is not true) v God is involved. He is close to us. He intervenes in our life. He wants a relationship with us (if true, then epicureanism is not true) v. 28 He quotes Aratas, a Stoic philosopher. “We are his offspring.” v He calls them to repent, finally introducing Jesus Christ.

Acts 18 Paul in Corinth The Marketplace in Corinth

A public bathroom in Corinth

The Acropolis in Corinth

Acts 18: Pricilla, Aquila and Apollos Acts 18:1-4, 18-19, 26 Pricilla and Aquila a power couple. Acts 18:24-28 Apollos. Q: How should we share with a very sincere and zealous believer who has incorrect doctrine? Respect, acceptance,and “explain to him the way of God more adequately.” The result: A very powerful and influential man came into the kingdom of God.

Acts 19&20: Paul’s Third Missionary Journey: AD53-58

Ephesus: Paul’s Favorite Church Acts 19:1-7 An interesting encounter -knew baptism of John -did,’t even know about gift of the Holy Spirit -got baptized into Christ and received the HS -then some were given miraculous gifts Acts 19:8-10 Paul starts a campus ministry that affects all of Asia.

The Lecture Hall of Tyrannus

Acts 19 Paul in Ephesus The theater in Ephesus where a little riot happened The Church will have an impact!

Acts 20 Paul Addresses the Ephesian Elders This is Paul’s farewell address v. 18 You know how I lived… Q: How did Paul live? v. 19 Served with great humility v. 19 … and with tears 1 Thess 2:1-12 v Q: What did Paul preach? v I consider my life worth nothing Q: What was Paul holding onto? Q: What was Paul holding onto? Q: How did that make him feel? Q: How did that make him feel? Q: How can you be more like Paul in this? Q: How can you be more like Paul in this?

Address to the Ephesian Elders Acts 20:25-27 How could Paul be “innocent of all men’s blood? Q: Can you say this? 20:28-35 Advice to shepherds. v Protect against false teaching v Help the needy and the lowly, not your own financial or other good. v A final farewell.

Acts 23:24 Marcus Antonius Felix was the ancient Roman procurator of the Judaea Province from AD. Felix ’ s cruelty and licentiousness, coupled with his accessibility to bribes, led to a great increase of crime in Judaea.

Chapter 21:35-40 The Location of the Temple and the Barracks (of Fort Antonia) in Jerusalem

Acts 21:35-40 Paul’s Defense on the Temple Stairs

Acts 23:35 Model of Herod’s Palace/Praetorium

Chapter 27-28