Cellular Respiration

Group Questions 1)Predict why it is so hard to stay awake in crowded closed areas like in the video. Do not use words like boring, or topic issues as reasons. 2)Explain what causes this level of exhaustion without exercise.

Group Questions 1)Predict what the church can do to stop this from happening. HINT

Glycolysis, Fermentation and the Krebs Cycle Cellular Respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Cellular Respiration Process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. 6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 +Energy  6 CO H 2 O + Energy Oxygen + Glucose+ Energy Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Cellular Respiration Food provides living things with chemical energy they need to grow and reproduce.

Cellular Respiration Food provides living things with chemical energy they need to grow and reproduce.

Cellular Respiration Food provides living things with chemical energy they need to grow and reproduce. 1 gram of glucose sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) releases 3811 calories.

Cellular Respiration Food provides living things with chemical energy they need to grow and reproduce. 1 gram of sugar glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) releases 3811 calories. calories (lowercase c) – amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 Gram of water 1 Celsius degree.

Cellular Respiration Food provides living things with chemical energy they need to grow and reproduce. 1 gram of sugar glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) releases 3811 calories. calories – amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 Gram of water 1 Celsius degree. Calorie (capital C)- found on nutritional labels is 1 kilocalorie or 1000 calories of energy.

Food is Energy

Glycolysis

1 st STEP…GLYCOLYSIS Glyco 

1 st STEP…GLYCOLYSIS Glyco  Glucose

1 st STEP…GLYCOLYSIS Glyco  Glucose Lysis 

1 st STEP…GLYCOLYSIS Glyco  Glucose Lysis  Splitting

Glycolysis in #s 1 st set of reactions Does not require oxygen – anaerobic. Takes place in the cytoplasm. 2 ATP molecules are used and 4 ATP molecules are produced. Net result in 2 ATP molecules.

Part 2: The Krebs Cycle

My Name Is What, My Name Is… The Krebs Cycle AKA….. The TCA Cycle (tricarboxilic acid) AKA….. The Citric Acid Cycle

The Krebs Cycle When Oxygen is present the Krebs cycle follows GLYCOLYSIS. Hans Krebs

The Krebs Cycle When Oxygen is present the Krebs cycle follows GLYCOLYSIS. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis moves into the mitochondria and is broken down, releasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and NADH, to form Acetyl –CoA. Hans Krebs

The Krebs Cycle When Oxygen is present the Krebs cycle follows GLYCOLYSIS. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis moves into the mitochondria and is broken down, releasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and NADH, to form Acetyl –CoA. Krebs Cycle & Electron transport chain Hans Krebs

The Krebs Cycle When Oxygen is present the Krebs cycle follows GLYCOLYSIS. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis moves into the mitochondria and is broken down, releasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and NADH, to form Acetyl –CoA. Krebs Cycle & Electron transport chain Remember this is the more efficient path, has to have oxygen (aerobic), with a NET result of 36 ATP molecules produced. Hans Krebs

The Krebs Cycle Pyruv ate CO 2 NADH

Krebs Cycle Next process in cellular respiration that require O 2 (aerobic). Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). This is a waste product as well as water while ATP is being generated. Krebs Cycle & Electron transport chain Net result in 36 ATP molecules are produced.

Fermentation Releases energy from food molecules without oxygen. Two main types: –Alcohol Fermentation (anerobic) – yeasts produce CO 2 and alcohol. Produces bread to rise. –Lactic Acid Fermentation – pyruvic acid converted to lactic acid. Produced in your muscles during rapid exercise after the O 2 runs out. Build-up causes a “ burning ” sensation.

Then What happens?? Fermentation (Anaerobic) Respiration (Aerobic) Alcohol – yeasts make CO 2 and Alcohol Lactic Acid – produced in muscles when no O 2 Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport

Then What happens?? Fermentation (Anaerobic) -  Less Energy 2 ATP Respiration (Aerobic) -  MOST Energy 36 ATP Alcohol – yeasts make CO 2 and Alcohol Lactic Acid – produced in muscles when no O 2 Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport

Aerobic vs Anerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP molecules of energy Anerobic respiration produces 2 ATP molecules of energy.

Energy and Exercise Quick Energy- –Enough ATP in cells normally for about a 5 second sprint. –Lactic acid production of ATP in muscles will last about another 90 seconds. To remove extra ATP with oxygen, at the end of a race a runner must breathe heavily. Long-Term Energy –Cellular respiration that uses up glycogen after 15 to 20 minutes. –Long term energy will then come from stored molecules including fats.

Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration Almost opposite processes Photosynthesis deposits energy Cell Resp. withdraws energy. The chemical equations are reversed.

Experiment Elodea & Snails

Experimental Design Setup 5 Tubes in a closed system 2 control, 3 experimental Indicator Solution Bromothymol Blue (BTB) – is an acid – base indicator. It measures the concentration of dissolved CO 2. Lots of CO 2 Lots of O 2

Experimental Design Tube 1 – Water & BTB Tube 2 – Water, BTB, & CO 2 Tube 3 – Water, BTB, & Elodea (Plant) Tube 4 – Water, BTB, CO 2, Elodea, & snails Tube 5 – Water, BTB, & snails Hypothesize what would happen in each of the 5 tubes Explain your hypothesis.

Experiment 24 hr. Time Lapse

Experimental DATA Oxygen (mg/L) Time (s)Tube 1Tube 2Tube 3Tube 4Tube (1hr) (3hrs) (9hrs) (15hrs) (24hrs) Using your laptops: 1)Put all the data into a table 2)Make graphs for tubes 3,4, and 5 3)Answer expanding question:  Why would experiments and information about respiration in closed systems be important to N.A.S.A.