EQ: Why did Martin Luther Want to Reform The Roman Catholic Church? Do Now: Analyze the following quote: “Instead of saving the souls of the dead and sending them to Heaven, [the clergy] gorge themselves at banquets after funerals…They are wicked wolves! They would like to devour us all, dead or alive.” – a peasant commenting on the Catholic Church

Martin Luther Protests the Sale of Indulgences During the Renaissance, a German, Roman Catholic, monk named Martin Luther grew increasingly disillusioned with what he saw as the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1517, in Luther’s hometown of Wittenberg, a priest named Johann Tetzel, with the approval of Pope Leo X, sold indulgences, or pardons for sins committed during a person’s lifetime that would grant them access to heaven. This was the final insult for Luther!

Martin Luther Protests the Sale of Indulgences Martin Luther, outraged, drew up the 95 Theses, a list of arguments protesting indulgences, and posted it on the door of Wittenberg’s All Saints Church.

Luther’s 3 Basic Teachings Salvation (entrance into heaven) could be achieved through faith alone. He rejected church doctrine that good deeds and sacraments were necessary for salvation. The Bible was the sole source of religious truth, not other traditional authorities, such as Church clergy or the Pope. All people with faith were equal. They did not need priests to interpret the bible for them.

Close: Describe 2 reasons why people living during the Renaissance may have wanted to reform the Roman Catholic Church 1. 2.

EQ: How did the Protestant Reformation Impact Europe? Impact of the Reformation EQ: How did the Protestant Reformation Impact Europe? Do Now: Analyze the diagram on your handout, then answer the questions to the right of the diagram!

Christian Church Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic P R O T E S T A N T Anglican Puritan Methodist Episcopal Baptist Quaker Calvinist Presbyterian Reformed Church Anabaptists Mennonite Amish Lutheran

The Reformation: A Religious Turning Point Prior to the Reformation, Christians in Western Europe belonged to the Roman Catholic Church. As a result of the Reformation, religious unity came to an end as many people followed the ideas of leaders such as Luther and Calvin. The Reformation changes man’s relationship with God. Prior to the Reformation, people relied on the Church’s interpretation of the bible. After the Reformation, Protestants began to rely on their own interpretation of the bible.

The Reformation: A Political Turning Point Although the churches power had been on the decline since the Crusades, prior to the Reformation, the Church, in the 16th century, was still wealthy and powerful. Kings had to answer to the Pope for various matters.

DO NOW: How does the comic above illustrate the English Reformation?

English Refomation King Henry VIII of England wanted a divorce, and he broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. He passed the Act of Supremacy through parliament and made himself, not the Pope, the head of the Anglican Church. As a result of the Act of Supremacy, and the protestant movement in general, the Church’s power declined, and Monarchs (kings) power increased.

The Counter (Catholic) Reformation The Council of Trent Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuits The Catholic Church Strikes Back

The Spanish Inquisition

Close: Explain two ways in which Western Europe was impacted by the Reformation!