A Diverse group of Hydrophobic Molecules LIPIDS A Diverse group of Hydrophobic Molecules

Fats and Oils Lipids Are the one class of large biological molecules –MACROMOLECULES, that do not consist of polymers (no they are not polymers) All types of Lipids share the common trait of being hydrophobic

HYDROPHOBIC? WATER FEARING Yes! Lipids are afraid of water They are a nonpolar molecule that does not dissolve in water They consist mostly of Hydrocarbons Fatty Acid

TYPES OF LIPIDS Triglycerides (FATS) Phospholipids Steroids Waxes

TRIGLYCERIDE These are known as FATS and OILS Lipids have a higher ratio of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms to Oxygen atoms than carbohydrates do Because Lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram, they store more energy per gram.

STRUCTURE OF TRIGLYCERIDES The building blocks of triglycerides are Glycerol and Fatty Acids Glycerol is a three- carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl attached to each Carbon

Fatty Acid A fatty acid consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton, often 16 to 18 carbons long FATTY ACID

STRUCTURE OF TRIGLYCERIDES Are constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single glycerol and three fatty acids

Saturated Fatty Acid Saturated fatty acids contain all of the Hydrogens they can hold. There are no carbon to carbon double bonds in saturated fatty acids. All bonds are single bonds They originate from animal sources and are solids at room temperature Saturated fats are believed to cause blockage of arteries which can lead to strokes and heart attacks.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids These do not bind the maximum amount of Hydrogen. Carbon atoms in the chain form one or more Double bonds. Unsaturated fats originate from plants and are liquid at room temperature

TYPES OF UNSATURATED FATS Monounsaturated – Fatty Acids with one double bond Polyunsaturated – Fatty Acids with two or more double bonds In a triglyceride if one or more fatty acids are unsaturated the fat is considered an unsaturated fat

FUNCTION OF FATS ENERGY STORAGE A gram of fat stores twice as much energy as a polysacchride Fat cushions organs Fat acts as insulation

Phospholipids STRUCTURE 2 Fatty Acids Glycerol Phosphate group (takes the third position)

Function-Major component of cell membrane

STEROIDS STRUCTURE – Composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them

Cholesterol Function Component of cell membrane Used by nerve cells Precurser from which all other steroids are formed.

Functions cont: boosting mental performance aiding digestion building strong bones building muscle maintaining your energy, vitality, libido, and fertility regulating your blood sugar repairing damaged tissue protecting against infectious diseases

Other Steroids Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone