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Roman Architecture: Low Resolution version This presentation does not automatically run. At anytime during this presentation you may advance forward with the right arrow (  ) or go back with the left arrow (  ).

Roman Architecture Basics Doric Ionic Corinthian Tuscan Composite Examples Aqueducts Baths Arches, Amphitheatres & Monuments Resources Source document Web resource

Doric Style  no base  20 flutes  predates 5th century B.C.  examples: Parthenon, Colosseum Parthenon Basics Home

Ionic Style  visibly complex  slender proportion  nine times the column's lower diameter  base and 24 flutings Basics Home

Corinthian Style  ornate & more slender than the Ionic style  used in numerous monumental works of imperial architecture  special base, carved additions, and numerous capital variations  florid leafage and sometimes human and animal figures  example: Maison Carrée in Nimes, France Basics Home

Tuscan Column  introduced by the Etruscans  very simple, plain column with a base and non-fluted shaft  No major examples survive today... Basics Home

Composite Order  seen in 82 AD on the arch of Titus  combination of Ionic and Corinthian orders  most complex due to the fact that it used the arch  the arch, the vault and the dome  example: Pantheon built in the last century BC by Marcus Agrippa and later refurbished by Hadrian built as a temple to all the Roman gods later converted into a Christian temple oldest, and largest, free standing dome in history Pantheon Basics Home

Examples of Roman Architecture (1) Aqueducts transport great amounts of water over vast miles of land need: Tiber river too muddy, polluted from waste dumping early Roman aqueducts plain stone slabs and earth lime mixtures  evolved Examples : Aqueducts Home

Roman Aqueduct  public baths & fountains kept operational  easy access for all classes to fresh water, bath facilities  sanitary standard til 19th century Pont du Gard near Nimes, France Examples : Aqueducts Home

worked with principals of gravity special basins helped purify the water at destination, water kept in storage tank distributed by pipes to different locations Some upper class had water piped directly to their residence by end of the Western Roman empire, Rome had prominent aqueducts notables: Aqua Appia Aqua Claudia, built by Claudius Examples : Aqueducts Aqueducts Home

Romans: not first mass water system (Greeks) but first on such mass scale When western empire fell, aqueducts, like everything, fell prey to barbarians (middle ages) Examples : Aqueducts Home

Examples of Roman Architecture (2) Baths Aqueduct allowed sophiticated public baths by second century AD public baths grew pampered could: eat  exercise  read. Under Titus, Caracalla and Diocletion, baths housed thousands at a time different sections changing room exercise room warm baths (tepidarium) cold baths (frigidarium) massage Examples : Baths Home

Roman bath houses: architectural and engineering wonder water temperature regulated by underground fire furnaces dirty water drained and replaced regularly Examples : Baths Home

Roman water system: always had source of water, for bathing and drinking helped make Roman empire cleanest society ‘til 19th century Examples : Baths Home

Famous existing Roman Bath's Bath, England (pictured) Baden-Baden, Germany Examples : Baths Home

Romans left grand public structures : their greatest legacy great amphitheaters and monuments, i.e. the triumphal arch  marvels then & now Examples : Arches, Ampitheaters, Monuments Examples of Roman Architecture (3) Arches, Ampitheatres, Monuments Home

Roman Amphitheater: influenced by Greek civilization generally circular used arch as their style some built into a mountain or hillside hold  50,000 spectators Examples : Arches, Ampitheaters, Monuments Home

for example, the biggest, most famous, Roman Coliseum: Examples : Arches, Ampitheaters, Monuments Home

Coliseum: built by the Flavian emperors Vespasian and Titus used for mock sea battles  gladiatorial fights built with huge removable canopy to protect the spectators from elements Examples : Arches, Ampitheaters, Monuments Home

Great Roman Monuments: show great skill admiration for accomplishments of leaders grandeur of their empire use the arch: details carved into them big prominent feature of skyline of town Examples : Arches, Ampitheaters, Monuments Home