Ethernet LANs Ethernet IEEE Working Group

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Presentation transcript:

Ethernet 802.3 LANs Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Working Group Chapter 5 Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Working Group LAN: Local Area Network Panko and Panko Business Data Networks and Security, 10th Edition, Global Edition Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

Introduction Physical Layer Standards Data Link Layer Standards Advanced Switch Operation Ethernet Security Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.1 Simple Switched Ethernet Network Workgroup Switches Connect Hosts to the Network Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.1 Simple Switched Ethernet Network Core Switches Connect Switches to Other Switches Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.2 Ethernet Workgroup Switch with 48 Ports Hosts Normally Connect to Workgroup Switches Through UTP Copper Wiring Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.2 Ethernet Workgroup Switch with 48 Ports Switches Often Connect to Other Switches Through Optical Fiber Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.2 Ethernet Workgroup Switch with 48 Ports 19 inches 48 cm It can fit into a standard equipment rack. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

Physical Layer Standards Ethernet Begins Introduction Physical Layer Standards Data Link Layer Standards Advanced Switch Operation Ethernet Security Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.3 UTP versus Optical Fiber Characteristic UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Optical Fiber Medium Copper wire Glass Signal Electrical Light Maximum Distance in LANs Usually 100 m For LANs, usually 200 to 500 m Speed Similar Cost Lower Higher Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.4 IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee IEEE Standards Association 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee 802.1 Working Group Standards used by multiple working groups Security Standards 802.3 Working Group Ethernet standards 802.11 Working Group Wi-Fi wireless LAN standards Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.6 Binary and Digital Signaling Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.6 Binary and Digital Signaling Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.7 Error Resistance in Binary and Digital Signaling Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.7 Error Resistance in Binary and Digital Signaling Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.8 Four-Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair Copper Wiring Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.9 RJ-45 (Ethernet) Connector and Jack RJ-45 Jack RJ-45 Connector Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.10 Serial versus Parallel Transmission NOT just 4 pairs! Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.11 UTP Quality Category, Transmission Speed, and Maximum Distance Ethernet Signaling Standard Transmission Speed UTP Quality Category Maximum Cord Length 100BASE-TX 100 Mbps Category 5e, 6, or higher 100 meters 1000BASE-T 1 Gbps 10GBASE-T 10 Gbps Category 6 55 meters Category 6A Category is a measure of UTP QUALITY Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.12 Terminal Crosstalk Interference Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.12 Terminal Crosstalk Interference Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.12 Terminal Crosstalk Interference Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.13 Optical Fiber Transmission Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.13 Optical Fiber Transmission Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.14 Optical Fiber Cord Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.15 Light Amplitude and Wavelength Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.16 Optical Fiber Quality Designations and Transmission Distance ISO 11801 Standard Minimum Modal Bandwidth (MHz*km) at 850 nm Maximum Distance at 1 Gbps, 850 nm light (1000BASE- SX) Maximum Distance at 10 Gbp, 850 nm light (10GBASE- SR) Maximum Distance at 100 Gbps, 850 nm light OM3 2,000 550 m 300 m 100 m OM4 4,700 1,000 m 440 m 150 m OM stands for Optical Multimode; a standard for multimode fiber. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.17 Link Aggregation (Bonding) Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.18 Ethernet Physical Link Maximums and Unlimited Data Link Distances Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.18 Ethernet Physical Link Maximums and Unlimited Data Link Distances Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.18 Ethernet Physical Link Maximums and Unlimited Data Link Distances Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

Data Link Layer Standards Ethernet Begins Introduction Physical Layer Standards Data Link Layer Standards Advanced Switch Operation Ethernet Security Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.19 Ethernet 802.3 Frame Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.20 Hexadecimal Notation 4 Bits Decimal (Base 10) Hexadecimal (Base 16) 0000 0 hex 0001 1 1 hex 0010 2 2 hex 0011 3 3 hex 0100 4 4 hex 0101 5 5 hex 0110 6 6 hex 0111 7 7 hex What is 0101 in hex? What is 0000 in hex? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.20 Hexadecimal Notation 4 Bits* Decimal (Base 10) Hexadecimal (Base 16) 1000 8 8 hex 1001 9 9 hex 1010 10 A hex 1011 11 B hex 1100 12 C hex 1101 13 D hex 1110 14 E hex 1111 15 F hex What is 1001 in hex? What is 1111 in hex? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.20 Hexadecimal Notation Converting a 48-bit MAC address to hex Write down the 48-bit address in 12 four-bit nibbles. Represent each nibble as a hex symbol. Pair the hex symbols and put a dash between the 6 pairs. Try these four nibbles: 0000111101011010 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.19 Ethernet 802.3 Frame Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.19 Ethernet 802.3 Frame Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.19 Ethernet 802.3 Frame Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.21 Multi-Switch Ethernet Operation A packet from A1… to E5… must pass through Switches 1, 2, and 3. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.21 Multi-Switch Ethernet Operation Switch 1 sees that it should send the frame to E5 out Port 5. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.21 Multi-Switch Ethernet Operation Switch 2 sees that it should send the frame to E5 out Port 7. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.21 Multi-Switch Ethernet Operation Switch 3 sees that it should send the frame to E5 out Port 6. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

Advanced Switch Operation Ethernet Begins Introduction Physical Layer Standards Data Link Layer Standards Advanced Switch Operation Ethernet Security Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.22 Single Point of Failure Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.23 Backup Link and the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Loops are not allowed in Ethernet. A strict hierarchy is required. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.23 Backup Link and the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.24 Advanced Ethernet Capabilities Priority Ethernet switches can provide up to eight priority levels Manageability Manageable switches can be managed by SNMP Although manageable switches cost much more than non-manageable switches, this is more than made up for by lower management costs Software-defined networking may bring a revolution in switch management Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.24 Advanced Ethernet Capabilities Power over Ethernet (POE) Switches can supply power to devices via UTP. (Wired telephone systems and USB ports already do this.) Less expensive than supplying power separately. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.24 Advanced Ethernet Capabilities Power Over Ethernet (POE) Plus USB ports provide both data transmission and power to hosts Switches implementing POE Plus can provide up to 25 watts of power over UTP to hosts This is sufficient for voice over IP phones, surveillance cameras, and most access points This saves money because there is no need to install power lines to these devices Not sufficient for desktop or laptop PCs Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

Ethernet Security Ethernet Begins Introduction Physical Layer Standards Data Link Layer Standards Advanced Switch Operation Ethernet Security Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.25 802.1X Port-Based Access Control on an Ethernet Switch The Problem Anyone can enter the building and plug their computer into a switch or into a wall RJ-45 port, which connects to a switch. This usually gives the attacker access to the network without going through a firewall. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.25 802.1X Port-Based Access Control on an Ethernet Switch Solution: access control at switch ports. 802.1X Port Based Access Control can do this. Created by the 802.1 WG, not the 802.3 WG. 802.1 WG creates general standards, such as security standards. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.25 802.1X Port-Based Access Control on an Ethernet Switch Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.25 802.1X Port-Based Access Control on an Ethernet Switch Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.25 802.1X Port-Based Access Control on an Ethernet Switch Advantages of a Central Authentication Server Consistency: Attacker cannot find a misconfigured switch. Rapid changes: When someone leaves, is hired, or needs credential changes. Switch cost: Authentication server does heavy work. Reduced management cost: Only one authentication database to maintain. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.26 Man in the Middle Attack in an Ethernet LAN Using ARP Poisoning ARP Cache tells a host where to send a frame to reach a particular IP address Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.26 Man in the Middle Attack in an Ethernet LAN Using ARP Poisoning Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.26 Man in the Middle Attack in an Ethernet LAN Using ARP Poisoning Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.

5.26 Man in the Middle Attack in an Ethernet LAN Using ARP Poisoning Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.