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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
Chapter 1 Key Points
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Chapter 2 Key Points
Chapter 4
Calculations
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What is matter?
Anything that has mass and occupies space
What is the study of the composition of matter?
Chemistry
Which branch of chemistry deals with the rate when matter undergoes a change?
Physical chemistry
What is research that is directed toward a practical goal or application?
Applied Chemistry
What is a well- tested explanation for a set of observations?
Theory
How is chemistry useful?
Explains the natural world, prepares people for career opportunities, and produces informed citizens
What are the steps in the scientific method?
Making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories
How do chemists study the universe?
They gather data and analyze matter brought back to Earth
Who helped transform chemistry to the science of measurement that it is today?
Lavoisier
What are the five traditional areas of study in chemistry?
Organic, inorganic, biochemistry, analytical, and physical
What is the measure of the amount of matter an object contains?
Mass
The property that depends on the type of matter
Intensive
What can be observed without changing the substance’s composition?
Physical property
What can be compressed?
Gas
What is a phase?
Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What are the two types of physical changes?
Reversible and irreversible
Extensive or intensive? Plastic vs paper bags
Intensive
What has to happen in a chemical change?
The composition has to change
What are four possible clues to a chemical change?
Transfer of energy, colour change, production of a gas, or a precipitate
Who believed atoms were indivisible and indestructible?
Democritus
What are the three types of subatomic particles?
Electrons, protons, and neutrons
What two subatomic particles have almost the same weight?
Protons and neutrons
What does the atomic number refer to?
The number of protons
What makes up most of the volume of an atom?
The electrons
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in fluorine-19?
9, 10, 9
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in Manganese-55?
25, 30, 25
Argon has three isotopes with mass number 36, 38, and 40. Which isotope is the most abundant?
Argon-40
Chlorine-35 (34.97amu, 75.77%) Chlorine-37 (36.97amu, 24.23%) Find atomic mass
35.45amu
78.92amu (50.69%) and 80.92amu (49.31%) Find atomic mass of bromine
79.91amu
Law of Conservation of Mass
Oxygen and hydrogen react to form water. 6g of hydrogen produced 54g of water. How much oxygen was used?
48g