Geography and Cultural Diffusion Age of Exploration

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European “Mother” Country Portugal England Spain France Portugal England Spain France

Colonies European Mother Country Portugal England Spain France Brazil, Africa, India North America (U.S.) South America, Mexico, Florida, Caribbean, Central America North America (Canada); Caribbean (Haiti) Colonies

Explorers Portugal England Spain France European Mother Country Colonies Brazil, Africa, India North America (U.S.) South America, Mexico, Florida Caribbean, Central America North America (Canada); Caribbean (Haiti) Portugal England Spain France Explorers Prince Henry, B. Dias, Vasco da Gama John Cabot, Sir Francis Drake, Henry Hudson Columbus, Magellan, Cortez, Pizarro (conquistadors) Cartier, Champlain

Slave Trade? Portugal England Spain France European Mother Country Colonies Brazil, Africa, India North America (U.S. and Canada) South America, Mexico, Florida Caribbean, Central America North America (Canada); Caribbean (Haiti) Explorers Prince Henry, B. Dias, Vasco da Gama John Cabot, Sir Francis Drake, Henry Hudson Columbus, Magellan, Cortez, Pizarro (conquistadors) Cartier, Champlain Portugal England Spain France Slave Trade Yes Yes Yes No—not in Canada; yes—in Caribbean

Religion Portugal England Spain France European Mother Country Colonies Brazil, Africa, India North America (U.S.) South America, Mexico, Florida Caribbean, Central America North America (Canada); Caribbean (Haiti) Explorers Prince Henry, B. Dias, Vasco da Gama John Cabot, Sir Francis Drake, Henry Hudson Columbus, Magellan, Cortez, Pizarro (conquistadors) Cartier, Champlain, Slave Trade Yes No in Canada; Yes in Caribbean Portugal England Spain France Religion Catholic Protestant (Anglican) Catholic Catholic; some colonists were Huguenots

Generalizations 1. Colonies adopted the religion and language of their mother country. 2. African people migrated by force to colonies whose mother countries participated in the slave trade. 3. African people migrated by force to colonies whose agriculture-based economies demanded cheap (slave) labor 4. Colonies and mother countries that participated in the slave trade gained wealth from cheap labor. 5. Spanish and Portuguese Colonies were determined by the Treaty of Tordesillas.