WOOD DECAY Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Chemistry of Decay White rot and Brown rot Wood Decay and Forest Ecology True heart rot and wound decay Conditions for decay and defense mechanisms Some important Decay Diseases: Yellow brown top rot ; Brown crumbly rot Red ring rot; Red stringy rot; Red-brown butt rot

WOOD DECAY IMPACTS IMPACTS SUCCESSION AND NUTRIENT CYCLING SUCCESSION AND NUTRIENT CYCLING WILDLIFE WILDLIFE VOLUME LOSS AND DEGRADE VOLUME LOSS AND DEGRADE PRODUCTS PRODUCTS HAZARD HAZARD

Phaeolus schweinitzii Red-brown butt rot

FOMITOPSIS PINICOLA RED BELT CONK “BROWN CRUMBLY ROT”

DECAY ECOLOGY SAPROPHYTIC DECAY

Deterioration of Killed Trees (% volume loss) Windthrown Old Growth on the Olympic Peninsula 5 years 8 years 15 years _____________________________ 5 years 8 years 15 years _____________________________ Douglas-fir 18% 23% 31 % Sitka Spruce 31% 44% 82% Western Hemlock 55% 87% 100% Western redcedar 8% (8%) (8%)

Deterioration of Killed Trees (% volume loss) Beetle-killed Westside Douglas-fir YEARS LOSS1%9%24% 38% 56% 70%

WOUND DECAY

TOP ROT FOMITOPSIS CAJANDERI “BROWN TOP ROT”

PHELLINUS PINI WHITE SPECK TRUE HEART ROTS “RED RING ROT”

INDIAN PAINT FUNGUS ECHINODONTIUM TINCTORUM TRUE HEART ROT WHITE ROT “RUST RED STRINGY ROT”

CHEMISTRY OF DECAY BROWN ROT WHITE ROT

Webster and Weber, Cambridge Univ. Press

DEFENSE

DEFENSE AGAINST DISEASE PASSIVE, PREFORMED, CONSTITUATIVE PASSIVE, PREFORMED, CONSTITUATIVE OUTER PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL BARRIER OUTER PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL BARRIER BARK/CUTICLE BARK/CUTICLE H 2 O, O 2, N LIMITS H 2 O, O 2, N LIMITS HEARTWOOD CHEMISTRY HEARTWOOD CHEMISTRY EXTRACTIVES EXTRACTIVES

DEFENSE AGAINST DISEASE ACTIVE, RESPONSIVE, INDUCED ACTIVE, RESPONSIVE, INDUCED WALL THICKENING WALL THICKENING PHENOLIC CHEMISTRY PHENOLIC CHEMISTRY WOUND PERIDERM WOUND PERIDERM PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH

DEFENSE