Tree growth and juvenile wood formation

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Environmental Control of Wood and Tracheid Properties in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Tuula Jyske Harri Mäkinen Pekka Saranpää.

Advertisements

Wood Anatomy of Tree Rings. Tree growth begins with photosynthesis to produce new wood when the growing season begins.

Stems: STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers CHAPTER 10 Wood

Topic 14.1 The Structure & Growth of Flowering Plants Biology 1001 November 14, 2005.

LECTURE NO. 20 (Handout) TIMBER

1 Review What are three important functions of stems Explain How does the arrangement of vascular bundles in monocot stems differ from dicot stems Apply.

How a Tree Grows.

Pulping and Bleaching PSE 476: Lecture 41 Pulping and Bleaching PSE 476/Chem E 471 Lecture #4 Introduction to Chemical Pulping Lecture #4 Introduction.

Inside stems I. Herbaceous stems A. Epidermis B. Cortex and pith C. Vascular bundles: primary xylem and phloem II. Stem thickening: wood A. Development.

”Wood Defects” Knots, Spiral Grain, Juvenile Wood, and Reaction Wood

Juvenile Wood in Pines. Overview Basics Of Wood Production What Is Juvenile Wood Characteristics What influences Juvenile Wood What Are The Problems With.

Tree Growth and Wood Formation

Unit for Field-based Forest Research Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Thomas Ulvcrona IUFRO Division 5 Conference E Wood Composites.

Secondary Growth of Stems - due to division of lateral meristems

Figure 28.2 A comparison of monocots and eudicots

MECH 450 – Pulping and Papermaking Topic 2 - Natural Resources James A. Olson, Nici Darychuk Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Chapter 35 Plant Structure and Growth. I. Two Systems A.Root System B.Shoot System.

Plant Tissues and The Vascular System Interest Grabber Let the Water Flow Recall that vascular tissue transports water and nutrients throughout a plant.

Ch. 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development. Plants have a hierarchical organization consisting of organs, tissues, and cells Vascular plants have.

Plant Cell Walls Chapter 3. Where is the cell wall of plant cells located? A.Inside the plasma membrane B.Outside the plasma membrane C.Between the plasma.

Wood Structure and Properties

Lesson Overview Lesson OverviewStems THINK ABOUT IT While choosing items at a salad bar, you add some sliced water chestnuts, bamboo shoots, asparagus,

Chapter 11 Variability of wood within species 木材种内变异性 Wood produced by trees of the same species is often mistakenly assumed to be identical in all structural.

Tree Trunk zones Wood zones Growth rings Cellular anatomy Microfibril Chemical Ultrastructural Levels of scale in study of wood structure.

Then… ….and Now. 2 Old growth Second growth Stand age vs. percent of juvenile wood When trees grow rapidly so that they are of harvestable size when.

Stems 3 Functions: Support leaves and reproductive structures Support leaves and reproductive structures Internal transport Internal transport Produce.

Plant Structures Stems Horticulture I Specialized Tissues in Plants Plants are as successful if not more successful than animals Plants are as successful.

Wood Anatomy and Identification

End Show Slide 1 of 36 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.

Secondary Growth Chapter 5. Secondary Growth Secondary growth is an increase in girth of a plant initiated by cell divisions in lateral meristems. In.

Tree Architecture and Growth Part 2. Secondary Growth Cambium Wood (Xylem) Phloem Stem and branches.

Lecture # 16 Date _____ Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth.

Primary versus Secondary Growth. Origins of Primary Growth: Apical and Primary Meristems.

1 Reaction wood is formed as a response by the tree to a triggering event such as tipping from the vertical. It is also known to regulate the orientation.

Anatomy SWBAT discuss the methods of support found in plants; describe the function and structure of xylem and phloem; describe or give a function of cork,

Unit 3 The Nature of Wood Structure of Wood • Cambium • Sapwood • Heartwood • Moisture Content of Wood • Effects of Moisture Content.

Lecture # 16 Date _____ Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth.

12.3 Stems Pages Canadian Economy The forest sector’s contribution to the Canadian economy (GDP) was $23.5 billion, or 1.9 percent, in 2010.

Forestry 280: Hardwood Anatomy

Chapter 35 Plant Structure and Growth. Angiosperm structure Three basic organs: 1.Roots (root system) fibrous: mat of thin roots taproot: one large, vertical.

Lesson Overview 23.3 Stems. Lesson Overview Lesson OverviewStems THINK ABOUT IT While choosing items at a salad bar, you add some sliced water chestnuts,

Chapter 6 Lecture Outline Stems Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Section 3.  Stems produce leaves, branches, and flowers.  stems hold leaves up to the sun.  And stems transport substances throughout the plant.

Stems. Outline External Form of a Woody Twig Stem Origin and Development Stem Tissue Patterns Herbaceous Dicotyledonous Stems Woody Dicotyledonous Stems.

Definition Wood is a plant but not all plants possess woody stems and not all that have woody stems are suitable for papermaking.

Chapter 5: Plant growth.

Plant Structures Roots, Stems, and Leaves

Lecture #19 Structure of Wood.

Wood Structure Wood Structure.

Tree Design. Structure - Function

Lesson Overview 23.3 Stems.

Bellwork: What is the difference between primary and secondary growth of stems? How are they related? Why does this result in certain plants being able.

Wood Anatomy and Identification

Engineering construction Prof. Syed Ali Hussnain 1.

Lesson Overview 23.3 Stems.

Then… ….and Now.

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Wood Quality - Definitions

Reaction Wood Reaction wood is formed as a response by the tree to a triggering event such as tipping from the vertical. It is also known to regulate the.

Chapter 5 Secondary Growth

Wood Anatomy and Identification

Applied Biology Plant Review.

Wood Quality - Definitions

Tree growth and juvenile wood formation

Reaction Wood Reaction wood is formed as a response by the tree to a triggering event such as tipping from the vertical. It is also known to regulate the.

Secondary Growth.

Primary Growth and Secondary Growth

WOOD 280 – Tree growth and wood formation

Presentation transcript:

Tree growth and juvenile wood formation * Tree growth and juvenile wood formation

Mature wood development Time mature wood juvenile wood

* Juvenile wood Wood formed by the vascular cambium under the prolonged influence of the apical meristem in the live crown. Also know as core wood and crown wood. Juvenile wood is formed throughout the life of the tree not just in young trees. Mature wood is formed by the vascular cambium lower down the stem where the influence of the live crown is much less. Juvenile-mature wood distinction is completely different from heartwood-sapwood distinction (Josza)

Juvenile wood-mature wood vs. heartwood-sapwood sapwood/juvenile wood heartwood/juvenile wood sapwood/mature wood heartwood/mature wood

Physiology of juvenile wood formation (Josza)

Juvenile wood – characteristics and properties * Juvenile wood – characteristics and properties Anatomy Wider growth rings Thinner cell walls Less latewood Shorter longitudinal tracheids More spiral grain Ultrastructure Larger S2Ө Chemistry More lignin Less cellulose Hemicelluloses differ Properties Lower wood density Lower strengths Greater longitudinal shrinkage Paper strengths burst, tensile ↑ tear ↓

Juvenile/mature wood ring profiles (Josza)

* Microfibril angle mw jw (Josza)

(Mansfield)

Longitudinal tracheid length in second growth Douglas-fir (at breast height) (Forintek)

Juvenile wood vs. Mature wood Wood Property Juvenile wood Mature wood Density (kg/m3) 427 489 Fiber length (mm) 2.98 4.28 Cell wall thickness (µm) 3.88 8.04 S2Ɵ (°) 55 20 Longitudinal shrinkage (%) 0.90 <0.10 Modulus of Rupture (psi) 7,700 10,660 Modulus of Elasticity (106 psi) 1.12 1.75

The transition from juvenile wood to mature wood is not sudden as might be interpreted from some graphical representations. The transition is gradual as the right stem profile illustrates. (Josza) (Haygreen & Bowyer)

Juvenile wood (first 20 years of growth) marked on 50 year-old Douglas-fir log ends and visible on lumber ends. (Forintek)