Ross Chapter 12 p Cases Nominative: position, context, no acc./gen. markers Subject or predicate nominative Accusative: position, syntactical connections, Most often the direct object Genitive: syntactical connection with another word, e.g., a preposition, or two nouns in a row The Genitive is the defining case: “ of ~ ”

Ross Chapter 12 p Cases In Hebrew words not marked for case (contrast Greek) Cases reflected by prepositions In Hebrew the obj. of prep. is always a genitive position in the sentence syntactical relationship of words

Examples of Genitives (n.b. two nouns in a row) 1.ownership/possession 2.source/authorship 3.subjective or objective 4.attributive 5.material

Ross Chapter 12 p The Construct Relationship The genitive follows a word in the construct state (a syntactical relationship) The vowels of the first word sometimes change (i.e. it is s.t. [re]constructed) The grammatical case of the first word comes from its function in the sentence

Ross Chapter 12 p The Construct Relationship The grammatical case of the first word in the phrase comes from its function in the sentence

Ross Chapter 12 p The Construct Relationship The grammatical case of the first word comes from its function in the sentence, e.g., The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom. He obeyed in the fear of the LORD. We preach the fear of the LORD.

Ross Chapter 12 p Changes ([re]constructions) of noun endings Sometimes no change; other words change * or

Ross Chapter 12 p Changes ([re]constructions) of noun endings Some words no change; other words change *

Ross Chapter 12 p Changes ([re]constructions) of noun vowels These are the most important changes.

Ross Chapter 12 p Changes ([re]constructions) of noun vowels

Ross Chapter 12 p Changes ([re]constructions) of noun vowels Look for these changes

Ross Chapter 12 p Syntax of the Construct-Genitive Chain 1.Word order is fixed 2.The construct (1 st ) word never has the article The phrase is definite if a.the final word has the article b.the final word is a proper noun c.the final word has a pronoun suffix

Ross Chapter 12 pp st word indef. / 2 nd definite: use preposition 3.An adj. modifying the construct (1 st word) comes after the entire phrase 4.The chain might have 3, 4, rarely 5 nouns n.b. the construct will have a conjunctive accent, e.g., ֣ munach ֥ mereka ֤ mahpak

Ross Chapter 12 pp st word indef. / 2 nd definite: use preposition 3.An adj. modifying the construct (1 st word) comes after the entire phrase 4.The chain might have 3, 4, rarely 5 nouns n.b. the construct will have a conjunctive accent, e.g., ֣ munach ֥ mereka ֤ mahpak

Ross Chapter 12 pp Translating the construct chain 1.ownership/possession 2.source/authorship 3.subjective or objective 4.attributive 5.material

Ross Chapter 12 Vocab p.105

Ross Chapter 12 Vocab p.106